Sources of behavioral deviation modeled by early color preferences in quail. III. Developmental stability and normative canalization |
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Authors: | Joseph K. Kovach |
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Affiliation: | (1) Research Department, The Menninger Clinic, 66601 Topeka, Kansas |
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Abstract: | Successful artificial selection of quail (C. coturnix japonica) for divergent early approach preferences for, and imprintabilities to, the wavelength characteristics of otherwise identical visual stimuli decreased the trait's developmental stability. The developmental error that resulted from selecting for extreme initial preferences was associated with enhanced imprintabilities. Conversely, the developmental error that resulted from selecting for extreme imprintabilities was associated with enhanced expression of directional gene effects in extreme initial preferences. The data are attributed to selectively relaxed normative canalization of trait development, and to related enhanced expression of genetic, environmental, and stochastic influences in trait deviations. |
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Keywords: | Artificial selection color preferences developmental stability genetic buffering leftover variance (Ve) imprinting Japanese quail normative canalization |
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