维持性血液透析患者心理健康状况调查及护理对策

目的调查维持性血液透析患者心理健康状况并分析原因，为临床护理实践提供依据。方法整群抽取2009年9月～2010年9月在首都机场医院等两所二级医院进行维持性血液透析治疗的慢性肾功衰竭患者作为研究对象，采用SCL-90症状自评量表收集资料。结果评估的65例维持性血透患者存在不同程度的心理问题，量表总分明显高于国内常模组，具有非常显著性差异（P〈0．01）。存在问题主要为抑郁、躯体化症状、焦虑等，其因子得分均高于国内常模组（P〈0．05），其中抑郁和躯体化等最明显，其因子得分明显高于国内常模组（P〈0．01）。结论维持性血液透析患者因疾病的不可治愈性以及血液透析治疗的不适或痛苦，存在不同程度的心理问题，需要护理人员明确影响因素，进行积极干预，提高患者心理健康水平。

The Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients'Mental Health Status and the Nursing Strategies

Objective To evaluate the mental health status of patients who are undergoing the maintenance hemodialysis and analyze the causes. Methods Sixty-five samples from September 2009 to September 2010 were randomly selected from chronic renal failure （CRF） patients who were treated in Capital International Airport Hospital and another hospital. The data were collected and investigated by using SCL-90 Symptoms Self-rating Form. Results The SCL-90 total score of sixty-five samples was higher than that of national norm （P 〈 0.01 ）. The main score in depression, somatization and anxiety was higher than that of national norm （P 〈 0.05 ） Depression and somatization were primary ones among the three factors, and the scores of both were significantly higher than those of national norm （P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion There are different levels of psychological health problems in maintenance hemodialysis patients undergoing both hopelessness of uncured diseases and discomfort/suffering of dialysis treatment. In order to promote patients＇ mental health, it is necessarey for nurses to clarify the influencing factors and perform nursing care positively.