广东省消除疟疾可行性研究

目的探讨广东省实施消除疟疾所面临的问题,为制定全省消除疟疾计划提供依据。方法分层随机整群抽样,然后采用回归流行病学与现场调查相结合方法。结果Ⅱ类疟区惠城区与Ⅲ类疟区兴宁市村民疟防知识平均知晓率、媒介按蚊密度、镜检员镜检技术熟练程度、医务人员疟疾诊治知晓率差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,其率或密度分别为73.8%和35.0%;6只和454只;69.2%和37.5%;75.0%和54.5%。两市（区）村民的防蚊设施覆盖率分别是93.9%和91.4%,差异无统计学意义。两市（区）中小学生疟疾抗体检测都为阴性,两市（区）镜检设备均较为残旧,大部分不能用于疟原虫镜检。结论广东省要在全省范围内实现消除疟疾,Ⅲ类疟区县比Ⅱ类疟区县难度更大,不论Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类疟区县,通过加强卫生宣教和培训、提高监测能力和补充镜检设备,全省消除疟疾的目标有可能实现。

A feasibility study of malaria elimination in Guangdong province

Objective To explore the problems in the implementation of the malaria elimination program and to provide basis for the formulation of a malaria elimination plan.Method Random group sampling by layer and combination of methods in return epidemiology and in-site survey.Results The mean awareness rates of malaria prevention knowledge of villagers（73.8% vs 35.0%）,the density of mosquito vector（6 vs 454）,the skill of using microscopic examination by the technicians（69.2% vs 37.5%） and the rate of awareness of malaria diagnosis and treatment knowledge of the medical workers（75.0% vs 54.5%） in Huicheng district（a Class 2 malaria epidemic area） were significantly different from Xingning city（a Class 3 malaria epidemic area）.The coverage rate of mosquito prevention facilities in these 2 cities was 93.9% and 91.4%,respectively,and the difference was not significant.The serum antibody for malaria from the primary and middle school students in these two areas were all negative.The microscopes used for microscopic examination in these two regions were all worn-out and not suitable for the examination of plasmodium.Conclusion To eliminate malaria in the Guangdong province,it is more difficulty to implement in the Class 3 malaria epidemic areas than in the Class 2 areas.The goal of malaria elimination may be achieved,if the health education and training programs are strengthened.Surveillance capability will be enhanced using the new microscopis.