距骨体骨折的手术治疗

目的 探讨距骨体骨折的手术治疗效果及注意事项.方法 2002年4月至2008年7月,手术治疗距骨体骨折患者44例,男41例,女3例;年龄15～61岁,平均31.7岁;左侧26例,右侧18例.根据Sneppen分型,Ⅱ型24例,V型20例.开放性骨折11例,根据Gustilo和Anderson分型,Ⅰ型3例,Ⅱ型7例,ⅢA型1例.致伤原因:高处坠落伤18例,交通事故伤13例,重物砸伤8例,扭伤4例,刀砍伤1例.开放性骨折平均在伤后5.3 h手术,闭合性骨折平均在伤后8.9 d手术.闭合性骨折采用前内侧切口15例,前外侧切口3例,内外侧联合切口15例.44例患者中,3例单纯应用克氏针固定;5例采用螺钉辅以克氏针短期固定;2例采用可吸收螺钉固定;34例采用空心拉力螺钉固定,其中4例辅以全螺纹松质骨螺钉固定.结果 35例患者获得随访,随访时间21～89个月,平均44.5个月.4例出现切口皮缘坏死,1例出现伤口感染,均经治疗后愈合.骨折均愈合,愈合时间为17～41周,平均22周.美国足与踝关节协会(AOFAS)功能评分为43～100分,平均77.3分;优11例,良13例,可10例,差1例,优良率为68.6%.5例患者发生距骨缺血性坏死;19例患者发生创伤性关节炎,其中4例行关节融合术.结论 治疗距骨体骨折时应根据骨折和软组织损伤的具体情况选择手术时机和入路,保护血供、解剖复位及早期功能锻炼是取得良好疗效的关键.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the results and related key points in operative treatment of talar body fractures. Methods From April 2002 to July 2008, 44 patients with talar body fractures underwent the operation. There were 3 females and 41 males. The mean age of the patients was 31.7 years. The fractures occurred on the left side in 26 patients and on the right side in 18 patients. According to Sneppen classification, 24 type Ⅱ, 20 type V. Eleave cases were open fractures, according to the Gustilo-Anderson classification, there were 3 cases in type Ⅰ , 7 in type Ⅱ, 1 type in Ⅲ A. The mean interval between injury and surgical treatment for open fractures and close fractures was 5.3 hours and 8.9 days. The mechanism of injury was a fall from the height in 18 patients, a traffic accident in 13 patients, a crush injury in 8 patients, a sprain injury in 4 patients and a cut injury in 1 patient. Anteromedial approach was used for 15 close fractures, anterolateral approach for 3 and combined anteromedial-anterolateral approach for 15. K-wires fixation were utilized for 3 fractures, screws and temporary K-wires fixation for 5 cases, bioabsorbable screws for 2fractures, cannulated screws for 30 fractures and cannulated screws and threaded cancellous screws for 4cases. Results Thirty-five patients were followed up 21 to 89 months (average, 44.5 months). Necrosis of incision was found in 4 cases, wound infection occurred in 1 case. All fractures had achieved bone union;the average healing time was 22 weeks. Functional results were assessed according to AOFAS score, the average score was 77.3, There were 11 patients in excellent results, 13 in good, 10 in fair and 1 in poor. The overall excellent and good rate was 68.6%. Avascular necrosis occurred in 5 cases. Traumatic arthritis occurred in 19 cases. Arthrodesis was needed in 5 cases. Conclusion The timing and approach of surgery is determined by the condition of the talar fractures and soft tissue. Anatomical reduction, preservation of the blood supply and early active pain-free mobilization are key points in the treatment of the talar body fractures.

Operative treatment of talar body fractures

Objective To investigate the results and related key points in operative treatment of talar body fractures. Methods From April 2002 to July 2008, 44 patients with talar body fractures underwent the operation. There were 3 females and 41 males. The mean age of the patients was 31.7 years. The fractures occurred on the left side in 26 patients and on the right side in 18 patients. According to Sneppen classification, 24 type Ⅱ, 20 type V. Eleave cases were open fractures, according to the Gustilo-Anderson classification, there were 3 cases in type Ⅰ , 7 in type Ⅱ, 1 type in Ⅲ A. The mean interval between injury and surgical treatment for open fractures and close fractures was 5.3 hours and 8.9 days. The mechanism of injury was a fall from the height in 18 patients, a traffic accident in 13 patients, a crush injury in 8 patients, a sprain injury in 4 patients and a cut injury in 1 patient. Anteromedial approach was used for 15 close fractures, anterolateral approach for 3 and combined anteromedial-anterolateral approach for 15. K-wires fixation were utilized for 3 fractures, screws and temporary K-wires fixation for 5 cases, bioabsorbable screws for 2fractures, cannulated screws for 30 fractures and cannulated screws and threaded cancellous screws for 4cases. Results Thirty-five patients were followed up 21 to 89 months (average, 44.5 months). Necrosis of incision was found in 4 cases, wound infection occurred in 1 case. All fractures had achieved bone union;the average healing time was 22 weeks. Functional results were assessed according to AOFAS score, the average score was 77.3, There were 11 patients in excellent results, 13 in good, 10 in fair and 1 in poor. The overall excellent and good rate was 68.6%. Avascular necrosis occurred in 5 cases. Traumatic arthritis occurred in 19 cases. Arthrodesis was needed in 5 cases. Conclusion The timing and approach of surgery is determined by the condition of the talar fractures and soft tissue. Anatomical reduction, preservation of the blood supply and early active pain-free mobilization are key points in the treatment of the talar body fractures.