乐山市中心城区2004—2006年自备井水水质卫生状况分析

目的了解乐山市中心城区自备井水水质卫生状况，加强自备井水的卫生管理，确保自备井水的卫生与安全。方法按照卫生部《生活饮用水卫生规范》2001版进行样品的采集、保存、检测和评价。结果2004—2006年共检测水样126件，总体合格率为51．59％，3年自备井水合格率差异无统计学意义（Χ^2=0．362，P〉0．05）。检测项目中锰、总大肠菌群、粪大肠菌群、pH合格率最低，分别为84．13％、86．51％、88．89％、89．68％；其次为铁、总硬度、细菌总数、氯化物、肉眼可见物、浑浊度、色度、臭和味，合格率分别为91．27％、93。65％、94．44％、96．03％、96．83％、96．83％、97．63％、97．62％；霍乱弧菌、砷、镉、铬、铅、汞、硒、氰化物、氟化物、硝酸盐、铝、铜、锌、阴离子合成洗涤剂、六六六、滴滴涕、银合格率达100％；其他检测项目合格率介于98％～100％之间。结论乐山市中心城区自备井水整体合格率较低，超标项目主要为锰、微生物、pH等指标。自备井水的卫生状况存在较大隐患，需加以改善，提示今后应加大自备井水监管力度，加强技术指导和水质监督监测。

Analysis of Water Quality From Homemade Wells in Leshan Downtown During 2004 -2006

Objective To understand the quality condition of homemade well water in Leshan downtown, to improve drinking water hygienic management, and to guarantee drinking water security. Methods The quality of homemade well water was examined and evaluated according to the correlative GB, 2001. Results 126 water samples were examined during 2004 -2006, with total qualified rate of 51.59%. There were no significant differences among homemade well water qualified rate during the three years （Χ^2 = 0. 362, P 〈 0. 05）. In the examination project, the lowest qualified rates of the indices of manganese, total coli-group, fecal coil- group and pH were 84. 13% , 86.51% , 88.89% , 89.68%. The qualified rates of iron, total hardness, plate-count bacteria, the naked eye visible material, opacity, chromaticity, smell and taste, were 91.27%, 93.65%, 94.44%, 96.03%, 96. 83%, 96.83%, 97.63%, 97.62% respectively. The qualified rates of Vibrio cholerae, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, selenium, cyanide, fluoride, nitrate, aluminum, copper, zinc, anion synthetic detergent, 666, DDT, silver reached 100%, and other examination project qualified rate were between 98% - 100%. Conclusion The quality of water needs to be improved in Leshan downtown, especially monitoring and management of drinking water should be strengthened. The qualified rate is low, especially the microbiological parameters, the manganese and pH.