早产儿1839例的生长发育随访及其影响因素

目的 分析不同胎龄早产儿在不同时期宫外生长发育迟缓的情况及其影响因素,旨在探讨出更有针对性的营养干预措施,减少早产儿宫外生长发育迟缓的发生率.方法 使用便利抽样方法,共纳入2020年8月-2021年5月于佛山市妇幼保健院儿童营养门诊就诊的0～3岁的早产儿1839例.调查其喂养情况,并收集其体重、身长指标,统计生后体重低...

Growth and development of preterm children during the follow-up of child nutrition clinic and its associated factors

Objective To investigate the growth of the preterm children and to find out the associated factors, in order to provide more targeted nutritional advice for reducing the prevalence of extra-uterine growth retardation (EUGR). Methods From August 2020 to May 2021, 1 839 preterm infants were enrolled in this study by convenient sampling in Foshan Women and Children Hospital. Feeding practice of the preterm infants were investigated, body weight and length were measured. Ultimately, the prevalence of underweight, stunting, insufficient energy intake and feeding difficulty were calculated. Results 1) The prevalence rates of underweight, EUGR, possibly insufficient energy intake, insufficient energy intake and feeding difficulty in preterm infants were 5.7%, 4.6%, 44.4%, 6.3% and 25.3%, respectively. 2) Totally 56.9% of preterm infants with fetal underweight remained underweight after birth. Simultaneously, 39.1% with fetal stunting maintained stunting. 3) Risk factors of underweight included gestational age<32 weeks (OR=2.396, 95%CI: 1.338 - 4.293, P=0.003), fetal underweight (OR=9.895, 95%CI: 4.472 - 21.895, P＜0.001), fetal stunting(OR=12.550, 95%CI: 6.836 - 23.041,P<0.001) and feeding difficulty(OR=2.368, 95%CI: 1.409 - 3.978, P=0.001). Risk factors of stunting after birth were fetal underweight (OR=13.950, 95%CI: 6.38 8 - 30.464, P<0.001), fetal stunting (OR=5.920, 95%CI: 2.957 - 11.855, P<0.001) and feeding difficulty (OR =2.666, 95%CI: 1.527 - 4.654, P=0.001). Conclusions The prevalence of EUGR in preterm children is relatively low during follow-up in child nutrition clinic. Meanwhile, feeding difficulty is an independent risk factor for EUGR. Therefore, besides emphasizing sufficient nutrients intake, measures to improve feeding difficulty should also be provided when giving nutritional advice to the preterm children.