直接母乳喂养与母乳奶瓶喂养对极早早产儿生命体征稳定性的影响

目的 探讨新生儿家庭病房中直接母乳喂养与母乳奶瓶喂养对极早早产儿生命体征稳定性的影响。方法 选取2020年3-10月收治的50例极早早产儿为研究对象,采用自身对照研究,在24 h内分别记录1次直接母乳喂养和1次母乳奶瓶喂养的情况,连续5 d。比较2种喂养方式时早产儿体温、心率、呼吸、血氧饱和度、喂养并发症。结果 2种喂养方式不同时间点早产儿体温、血氧饱和度、呼吸、心率在时间效应上比较,差异均有统计学意义(F_时间=277.510,P<0.001;F_时间=12.039,P=0.001;F_时间=11.077,P=0.002;F_时间=20.241,P<0.001);2组体温的组间效应比较,差异有统计学意义(F_组间=12.237,P=0.001),2种喂养方式不同时间点早产儿体温、血氧饱和度在交互效应上比较,差异有统计学意义(F_交互=39.497,P<0.001;F_交互=31.415,P<0.001);直接母乳喂养吸氧例数和呼吸暂停例数均少于母乳奶瓶喂养(χ²=36.687,P<0.001;χ²=5.095,P=0.031)。结论 极早早产儿直接母乳喂养过程中生命体征较母乳奶瓶喂养更稳定。

Effects of direct breastfeeding and bottle feeding with breast milk on the stability of vital signs of extremely premature infants

Objective To explore the effect of direct breastfeeding and bottle feeding with breast milk on the stability of vital signs of extremely premature infants in the neonatal family ward. Methods Fifty extremely preterm infants admitted between March and October 2020 were included in a self-control study. For 5 consecutive days, every day, after a direct breastfeeding and breast milk bottle feeding, they were measured the body temperature, heart rate, respiration, blood oxygen saturation, feeding complications and intake amount. Results Significant differences were observed in the body temperature, body temperature, blood oxygen saturation, respiration and heart rate in terms of time effect(Ftime=277.510, P<0.001; F_time =12.039, P=0.001; F_time=11.077, P=0.002; F_time=20.241, P<0.001), and in the body temperature in terms of the inter-group effect(F_imtergroup=12.237,P=0.001). The body temperature(F_interaction=39.497,P<0.001) and blood oxygen saturation(F_interaction=31.415,P<0.001) two feeding methods had significant differeces in terms of interaction effects. The number of cases of oxygen and apnea of the former was less than the latter(χ²=36.687,P<0.001;χ²=5.095,P=0.031). Conclusion Vital signs of extremely premature infants are more stable during direct breastfeeding.