膝关节矢状断层影像解剖学

目的 为膝关节疾患的影像学诊断提供矢状断层解剖学基础。方法 用成年男尸右膝部标本5例(新鲜3，福尔马林固定2)，按解剖骨性标志画线，其中1例标本先行矢状位MRI扫描，所有标本冻硬后，切制矢状断层解剖标本，每例切5个断层，皆观察其内侧面。结果 观察了构成膝关节的主要结构，交叉韧带、半月板及其周围软组织的形态特征、位置、毗邻及其在连续断层的变化规律，并匹配同一断层之MRI。测量股骨内、外侧髁关节软骨厚为2．3mm和2．4mm，胫骨内、外侧髁关节软骨厚为2．5mm和2．6mm，髌骨关节软骨厚为5．3mm，前交叉韧带长36．1mm，前、后交叉韧带中部矢状径为6．32mm和6．51mm，内、外侧半月板矢状径为42．4mm和33．2mm，内侧半月板前、后部厚度为5．1mm和5．8mm，外侧半月板为6．5mm和7．1mm。结论 膝关节的矢状断层解剖各结构形态、位置及变化规律，对骨科及影像学诊断和治疗有重要的价值。

Sagittal sectional and imaging anatomy of the human knee joint

Objective To provide sagittal sectional anatomical basis for imaging diagnosis of human knee joint disorders. Methods A total of 5 specimens of the right knees of male adult cadavers (3 fresh, 2 fixed by formalin) were used. After 1 case was scanned by MRI, all specimens were frozen, and then each one was cut into 5 sagittal sections. The morphological characteristics, the relationship and the law of variation of the articular surface, articular cartilage, capsule cavity, ligament of cruciate and meniscus were observed. Results The thickness of the articular cartilage of the medial and the lateral condyle of femur was 2.3 mm and 2.4 mm, and that of the tibia was 2.5 mm and 2.6 mm. The thickness of the articular cartilage of patella was 5.3 mm. The length and width of the anterior cruciate ligament were 36.1 mm and 6.32 mm, respectively, and the width of the posterior cruciate ligament 6.51 mm. The sagittal length of the medial and the lateral meniscus was 42.4 mm and 33.2 mm. The thickness of the anterior and posterior parts of the medial meniscus was 5.1 mm and 5.8 mm, and that of the lateral meniscus 6.5 mm and 7.1 mm. Conclusion The findings of the sagittal sectional anatomy of the knee joint, including the structures, the morphological changes, and the measurement data, have laid the anatomical foundation for medical imaging diagnosis and arthroscopy.