海南省部分地区恶性肿瘤流行现状调查

目的分析海南省贫困地区恶性肿瘤的流行特征和危险因素,为开展恶性肿瘤防治和研究提供依据。方法选择海南省定安县和昌江县为调查地区,以恶性肿瘤发病率、死亡率、生存时间作为分析指标,比较地区、性别和年龄间流行分布,计算标化发病率、标化死亡率,分析其差异和发展趋势。结果海南省两贫困地区恶性肿瘤标化发病率48·6/10万,标化死亡率69·8/10万,全死因构成比9·66%。平均发病年龄、死亡年龄和生存时间分别为57·7岁、61·1岁和242d,前5位癌谱为肝癌、肺癌、胃癌、结/直肠癌、鼻咽癌,男性以肝癌、肺癌发病率和死亡率居高,女性以乳腺癌、结/直肠癌、子宫癌多见,随着年龄增长,恶性肿瘤发病率和死亡率有上升趋势,60~70岁达到高峰。吸烟、肝炎、生活饮用水类型和良性乳腺疾病是恶性肿瘤的危险因素。结论海南省贫困地区恶性肿瘤发展趋势不可忽视,应尽快建立恶性肿瘤登记系统。

Survey of prevalent status of malignant tumor in two counties of Hainan Province

Objective To analyze the epidemiologieal characteristics and risk factor of malignant tumors in Hainan Province and provide information for the work of prevention and control. Methods The data concerning surveys of malignant tumors in Hainan Province were epidemiologically analyzed. Results The standardized incidence rate and the motallty rate of malignant tumors in Halnan Province were 48.6 per 100 000 and 69.8 per 100 000 population, respectively, accounted for 9.66% of all the death causes. The pathogenic age and death age of patients due to malignant tumors were 57.7 years and 61.1 years, respectively . The survival duration was 242 days. The five main malignant tumors were liver cancer, lung cancer, carcinoma of stomach, nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The incidence rate and the mortality rate of liver cancer and lung cancer were higher in the males. While incidence rate and mortality rate of breast cancer, colon and rectal carcinoma, and carcinoma of uterus were higher in the females. There the incidence and mortality rates showed a tendency of getting higher along with the increase of age and reached a peak between the age of 60 - 70 years. Smoking, hepatitis, types of drinking water, etc. were the risk factors associated with malignant tumors. Conclusion Measures be taken for prevention and treatment of malignant tumors including setting up malignant tumor registration system in this province as early as possible.