煤尘矿物成份对细胞毒性效应的初探

作者曾在煤尘对ＡＭ毒性效应研究中发现，我国３种煤尘的细胞毒性不同，无烟煤＞贫煤＞肥煤。为探讨其原因，本文采用ＳＥＭ／ＥＤＸ和粉末Ｘ线衍射分析技术，对在原细胞实验中所使用的３种煤尘的化学元素含量及其矿物质成份进行了系统测试，探讨了煤尘矿物质成份在其毒性效应中的价值。３种煤尘游离ＳｉＯ２含量甚微，且与煤尘的细胞毒性也不全一致；煤尘主要元素含量与其铝硅酸盐、硫化物、碳酸盐和硅石等矿物质成份是吻合的；各种煤尘含有不同程度的铝硅酸盐，但各自的硫化物和碳酸盐含量不同而各具特点。无烟煤中硫化物含量最高，细胞毒性最大；贫煤中硫化物和碳酸钙含量较少，细胞毒性居中；肥煤含有大量碳酸钙和氧化钙，细胞毒性最小。

Preliminary Study on Cytotoxicity of Minaral Components of Coal Dusts

In study of cytotoxic effects of coal dusts on alveolar mactophages the authors found that three kinds of coals were different in toxicity to cells:anthracite>meanger coal>fat coal.In order to seek their reasons the writers made a systematic determination of the contents of chemical elements and mineral compositions in three kinds of coal dusts used in the previous cell experiment by analytic techniques of SEM/EDX and x-ray diffraction and analysed their cytotoxic effects on cells.The results showed that the contents of main chemical elements in the coal dusts tallied with those of aluminosilicate,sulphide,carbonate and silica, but the free silica was less in content and poorly correlated with the toxicity to cells.Although the dusts contained different contents of aluminosilicate, they were characterized by different contents of sulphide and carbonate.The content of sulphide was the highest in the anthracite.Its sulphide might not only influence the coal quality but be the most toxic to cells.The major component of meanger coal was aluminosilicate.Thecontent of its sulphide and carbonate was lessland its toxicity to cells was medium.Fat coal was chamcterized by large amounts of carbonate and calcium oxide.The content of its calcium was the highest and the toxlclty was the least among the three kinds of coals.