Maternal diabetes and perinatal outcomes in West Virginia Medicaid enrollees

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a serious problem in West Virginia. Diabetes during pregnancy has been associated with several negative outcomes. This study tested the hypotheses that women who had DM during pregnancy would have more negative perinatal outcomes than those who did not and women with pre-gestational DM would have more negative perinatal outcomes than women with gestational DM. The population included 14,583 mothers enrolled in WV Medicaid in 2001 and 2002. The population was divided according to the presence of DM in the mother, and then sub-divided into pregestational and gestational DM groups. Results showed significant associations between maternal diabetes and occurrence of macrosomia, pre-term delivery and less than optimal one-minute Apgar scores. The pre-gestational DM group had significantly more occurrences of macrosomia, pre-term birth, less than optimal Apgar scores, occurrence of complications of labor and/or delivery and occurrence of congenital anomalies than the gestational DM group.