五味子非药用部位活性成分和药理作用研究进展

五味子Schisandra chinensis始载于《神农本草经》,具有收敛固涩、益气生津、补肾宁心的功效。在《中国药典》2020年版中规定五味子的药用部位是干燥成熟果实,含有木脂素、多糖、萜类及黄酮等化合物,具有调节中枢神经系统和内分泌系统、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗炎、抑菌等作用。近年来研究显示五味子藤茎、叶、果梗和根等非药用部位同样含有木脂素、多糖、萜类及黄酮等活性成分,其中一些活性成分含量高于药用部位,但非药用部位常作为杂质被废弃,不仅未得到充分利用还造成资源浪费。基于已公开发表的文献,对五味子非药用部位的活性成分和药理作用进行总结,为深入开发五味子非药用部位提供参考和数据支撑,为五味子非药用部位的综合利用打下基础。

Research progress on active components and pharmacological effects of non-medicinal parts of Schisandra chinensis

Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill was first recorded in Shennong Bencao Jing (Divine Farmer''s Materia Medica), classified as a top-grade herb. It is known for its astringent, qi-enhancing, fluid-producing, kidney-nourishing, and mind-calming effects. In the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the medicinal part of S. chinensis is defined as its dry and ripe fruit, which contains compounds such as lignin, polysaccharides, terpenes, and flavonoids. These compounds contribute to its regulating the central nervous system and endocrine system, antitumor, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects. Recent research has shown that non-medicinal parts of S. chinensis, including the vine stems, leaves, fruit stems, and roots, also contain active ingredients like lignin, polysaccharides, terpenes, and flavonoids. Some of these active components are even more concentrated than in the medicinal parts. However, these non-medicinal parts are often discarded as impurities, leading to resource wastage and underutilization. This paper summarizes the active components and pharmacological actions of the non-medicinal parts of S. chinensis based on published literature, providing references and data support for further development of non-medicinal parts of S. chinensis and laying the foundation for comprehensive utilization of non-medicinal parts of S. chinensis.