弓形虫病流行因素的调查研究

目的分析饲养宠物以及卫生状况与弓形虫病传播的关系。方法分别在济宁、枣庄、临沂随机选择1-2个居民区,对养犬和养猫者进行问卷和血清流行病学调查,选择性别、年龄、住址和职业相同者1:1对照,双盲酶联免疫吸附法检测弓形虫抗体。结果整体阳性率为14.25%,明显高于10年前的调查结果(1.53%)。不养宠物者抗体阳性率为8.60%,养宠物者抗体阳性率为19.91%,两者差异具有非常显著性(x2=11.57,P<0.01)。单纯养犬者阳性率为16.54%(21/127),单纯养猫者阳性率为24.47%(23/94)。饭前便后每次洗手和经常洗手者感染率为13.19%,偶尔和从不洗手者感染率为34.04%。吃生鸡蛋组感染率(21.05%)明显高于不吃生鸡蛋组(13.61%)。有喝生牛奶史者感染率高于无此习惯者。单纯养犬者中52.38%的感染由于养犬所致,单纯养猫者约有70.96%的感染因养猫所致。结论养犬/猫与弓形虫感染密切相关。培养良好的卫生习惯,不吃半生不熟的食品,不喝生奶,对预防弓形虫感染有重要作用。

Investigation on epidemical factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection

Objective To understand the relationship between Toxoplasma gondii infection and pet-breeding and hygienic status. Methods One or two districts were chosen from Jining City, Za-ozhuang City and Linyi City as study areas and the questionnaire surveys were carried out for hygienic status, etc. The pet-breeders and non-pet-breeders were paired by sex, age, living place and occupation so on in a ratio of one to one. Blood samples taken from each were tested for antibodies against T. gondii with ELISA in a double-blind method. Results The total infection rate was 14. 25%, much higher than that investigated ten years ago (1. 53%). The mean positive infection rate was 19.91% in the pet-breeding groups and 8.60% in the control groups (x2 = 11.57, P< 0. 01) and 16.54% in dog breeders and 24. 47% in cat breeders. The group whose people washed hands frequently before meals and after defecation had an infection rate of 13. 19% while the group whose people seldom or never did that had 34. 04%. People eating uncooked eggs and drinking unboiled milk had higher infection rates (21. 05% and 3/6) than those never doing that (13. 61% and 13. 76%). Dog-raising resulted in 52. 38% T. gondii infection to the host and cat-raising resulted in 70. 96%. Conclusion It is very important for toxoplasmosis control to educate people for healthy habits such as washing hands frequently before meals and after defecation, and not eating half-baked food and drinking roar milk, etc.