2016-2018年广州儿童腹泻诺如病毒检测及流行状况分析

目的了解2016-2018年广州地区儿童腹泻中诺如病毒感染的情况,为临床诊断和病毒性腹泻疾病的防控提供可靠数据。方法收集2016年1月至2018年12月住院和门诊的腹泻12岁以下儿童粪便标本856份,采用荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法检测诺如病毒核酸,确定是否感染阳性,并从患者感染年龄、性别、时间等方面比较分析。结果856例腹泻标本中,诺如病毒感染阳性259例,阳性率为30.25%;其中不同年龄段腹泻儿童的诺如病毒检出阳性率依次分别为0~1岁组35.11%(构成比53.28%),1~2岁组30.13%(构成比16.99%),2~3岁组32.47%(构成比19.31%);0~3岁儿童阳性率构成比共占89.58%;以每年11~12月(冬季)和1~3月(春季)为发病高峰期(5个月构成比为81.47%);从病毒不同基因型分析,GI型和GII型诺如病毒检出率分别为10.9%和19.4%。结论诺如病毒是导致儿童腹泻的重要病原之一,0~3岁儿童是诺如病毒的易感人群,以冬春季节为流行高峰,GII型为主要基因型。

Epidemiological analysis on Norovirus diarrhea in children of Guangzhou from 2016 to 2018

Objective To understand the prevalence of norovirus(NoV)diarrhea in children in Guangzhou from 2016 to 2018,and provide reliable experimental data for the diagnosis and treatment of NoV infection.Methods A total of 856 stool specimens from hospitalized and outpatient children with diarrhea under 12 years old were collected from January of 2016 and December of 2018.Real time RT-PCR was used to detect the nucleic acid of norovirus,and the patients were compared and analyzed in terms of age,sex and time of infection.Results Among the 856 stool specimens,259 were positive for NoV infection with a positive rate of 30.25%.The positive rates of norovirus in children with diarrhea at different ages were 35.11%(constituent ratio 53.28%)in the 0-1 year old group,30.13%(constituent ratio 16.99%)in the 1-2 year old group and 32.47%(constituent ratio 19.31%)in the 2-3 year old group,respectively.The positive rate of children aged 0-3 years accounted for 89.58%.The peak of the incidence was from November to December(winter)and January to March(spring)(the proportion of 5 months was 81.47%).The positive rates of GI and GII norovirus were 10.9%and 19.4%,respectively.Conclusion Norovirus is one of the major pathogens for child diarrhea(0~12 years old)in the area of Guangzhou.Children aged 0 to 3 years are the susceptible population for norovirus infection.The epidemic peak is in winter and spring seasons,and GII is the major genotype.