2014—2018年上海市浦东新区HIV抗体筛查与确证试验结果特征分析

目的对2014—2018年上海市浦东新区HIV抗体筛查与确证试验结果进行分析,了解该地区近几年HIV感染状况及防控检测工作的开展情况,为今后艾滋病的防治提供依据。方法对该辖区内HIV初筛有反应的标本用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)、化学发光法或免疫层析快诊试验进行复检,对复检有反应标本进行免疫印迹法(WB)确证试验。运用EXCEL和SPSS 16.0统计软件对数据进行整理与分析。结果2100份复检有反应标本进行确证实验,阳性为1485份(70.71%);阴性为452份(21.52%);不确定为163份(7.76%)。确证阳性男女性别比为7.95∶1。复核试验与确证试验的阳性符合率为91.33%。WB确证阳性标本条带100%出现gp160和gp120。71.43%不确定标本出现gp160。结论两次复检双阳标本确证阳性率高,一阴一阳的样本多为确证试验不确定或阴性。结果不确定标本可加做CD4、核酸检测和病毒载量等辅助检测。

Analysis of characteristics of HIV antibody screening and confirmatory test results in Pudong New District of Shanghai,2014-2018

Objective To analyze the results of HIV antibody screening test and confirmation test results in Pudong New Area from 2014 to 2018,and to understand the situation of HIV infection in the region in recent years.Methods Samples that responded to initial screening of HIV in this jurisdiction area were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),chemiluminescence assay or immunochromatographic rapid diagnosis test.The samples that showed a positive response to one of the reexamination methods were subjected to confirmatory tests by Western blot assay.EXCEL and SPSS 16.0 statistical software were used to collate and analyze the data.Results Confirmatory tests were performed on a total of 2,100 retested samples.HIV positive samples were 1485(70.71%),and HIV negative and uncertainty samples were 452(21.52%)and 163(7.76%),respectively.The confirmed positive male/female sex ratio was 7.95∶1,and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=3.745,P<0.001).The age of confirmed positive patients was mainly 15~39 years old.The proportion of voluntary testing and counseling was the highest among the population receiving HIV tests.The positive coincidence rate between the review test and confirmation test was 91.33%.The gp160 and gp120 bands appeared most frequently in WB-confirmed positive samples,which was 100%.The gp160 band was the most frequent band of uncertain samples,accounting for 71.43%.Conclusion The positive rate was high in the confirmatory test of samples with positive results by both methods,and the samples with one negative and one positive were mostly uncertain or negative in the confirmatory test.When the results were uncertain,CD4,nucleic acid detection,and viral load detection should be used as auxiliary diagnosis.