The Effect of Harsh Environmental Conditions on Concrete Plastic Shrinkage Cracks: Case Study Saudi Arabia

Due to climate change and population expansion, concrete structures are progressively being subjected to more extreme environments. As the environment affects plastic shrinkage directly, there is a need to understand the effect of environmental changes on plastic shrinkage cracking. This paper examines the plastic shrinkage crack development parametrically at low, mid, and high drying environmental conditions, corresponding to different environments in three Saudi cities. The effects of water-cement ratios and quantities of recycled tire steel fibers (RTSF) in concrete are also investigated. The different environmental conditions for the plastic shrinkage tests were simulated in a specially designed chamber as per ASTM C1579, 2006. A digital image processing (DIP) technique was used to monitor crack initiation and development. Through the use of the crack reduction ratio (CRR), it was found that 30 kg/m³ of RTSF can control plastic shrinkage cracks at low and mid conditions. For the more extreme (high) conditions, the use of 40 kg/m³ of RTSF fiber was sufficient to completely eliminate surface plastic shrinkage cracks. This work can help develop more sustainable concrete structures in a wider set of environmental conditions and help mitigate the impact of climate change on concrete infrastructure.