宁夏沙坡头区2004-2010年慢性病及其危险因素动态监测分析

目的了解宁夏沙坡头区常住居民主要慢性病及相关危险因素的动态变化。方法采用多阶段随机抽样问卷调查和体格检查相结合的方式,对慢性病及危险因素进行调查。结果 2004、2007、2010年沙坡头区调查人群高血压标化患病率分别为3.5%、3.4%、7.9%,糖尿病标化患病率分别为0%、0%、1.5%,高血压和糖尿病患病率均呈上升趋势;2004-2010年标化后的超重和肥胖合计率分别为29.1%、31.6%、37.5%,呈上升趋势;静态行为过久率分别为8.1%、32.4%和70.1%,呈显著上升趋势;呼吸系统疾病患病率、被动吸烟、饮酒、钙质摄入不足、禽肉类等摄入不足情况均呈下降趋势。结论宁夏沙坡头区常住居民中普遍存在缺乏体力活动、超重、肥胖、膳食习惯不合理、高血压等慢性病危险因素,吸烟、饮酒等危险因素在男性居民中处于较高流行水平,应根据不同人群的危险因素水平,采取全人群和高危人群相结合的策略对慢性病进行综合防控,降低危险因素水平,有效地控制慢性病发生。

Dynamic Monitoring of Chronic Diseases and Risk Factors in a District of Ningxia during 2004 to 2010

Objective To explore the dynamic monitoring state of major chronic diseases and its related risk factors among permanent residents in a district of Ningxia.Methods Multi-stage random sampling was used to investigate prevalence of chronic diseases and risk factors with questionnaire combine with physical examination.Results In 2004,2007,2010,the standardized prevalences of hypertension in Shapotou District were 3.5%,3.4%,7.9%,respectively;the standardized prevalences of diabetes were 0%,0%,1.5%,respectively;the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes were on the rise with time;The standardized total prevalences of overweight and obesity(29.1%,31.6% and 37.5%,respectively) showed a rising trend.The prevalences of respiratory diseases,passive smoking,drinking in nearly a month,insufficient intake of calcium,Poultry,meat and fish showed a downward trend.Conclusion Risk factors of chronic diseases such as physical inactivity,overweight,obesity,unreasonable diet,hypertension were widespread.Higher prevalence of smoking and drinking were found in the male.We should take the comprehensive strategy on the whole population and high-risk groups according to the level of risk factors in different groups of people in order to reduce risk factors and control chronic diseases effectively.