重症监护病房的医院感染调查

目的调查分析重症监护病房（ICO）医院感染发生情况、原因和危险因素，探讨护理干预措施。方法回顾性分析ICU927例患者的年龄，疾病种类、感染的部位、原因、病原菌种类、危险因素等临床资料。结果927例患者中，发生医院感染116例，医院感染率为12．5％，60岁以上患者感染率最高；感染部位依次为呼吸道、泌尿道、胃肠道；189例次医院感染共检出96株病原菌，依次是铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、白色念球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌；感染与创伤性操作、机体抵抗力下降、抗菌药物应用不合理、医务人员缺乏交叉感染意识、住院天数长和高龄等因素有关。结论ICU医院感染发生率高，应加强护理干预措施，包括病室管理、规范洗手、严格遵守无菌原则、改善环境因素和治疗操作中易导致污染和感染的环节、以及对呼吸、泌尿系统的护理，合理应用抗生素、缩短住院时间等措施才能有效的预防ICU的医院感染。

Investigation of Nosocomial Infection in Intensive Care Unit

Objective To investigate and analyze the occurrence,the cause and risk factors of nosocomial infection in ICU and to discuss the nursing intervention. Methods A retrospective analysis was made to the clinical data of 927 cases in ICU,including： age,disease classification,infection site,causes,pathogenic species and risk factors. Result Out of the 927 cases,nosocomial infection occurred in 116 cases with the rate of 12.5% ,the highest infection rate was found in patients over 60 years old; the infection sites ranged as follows： respiratory tract ,urinary tract and gastrointestinal tract; 96 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected out Jn 189 ease - times of nosocomial infection, ranging as follows ： pseudomonas aeruginosa, baumanii, Klcbsiella pneumonia, Candida albicans and staphylococcus aureus; the infection was related to following factors：traumatic performance, the reduce of body resistance, unreasonable application of antibiotics ,the lack of the consciousness of cross infection in medical staff, long duration of hospitalization and old age. Conclusions Nursing intervention should be strengthened to avoid the high occurrence of nosocomial infection in ICU, including enhancing ward -management, standardize hand -washing, strictly following the aseptic principal, improving the environment and the links liable to induce pollution and infection in treatment performance, better nursing of respiratory and urinary system,reasonable application of antibiotics and shortening the duration of hospitalization.