Regulation of intracellular Ca concentration by interleukin-1β in rat cortical synaptosomes: an age-related study

The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is released by cells during injury and stress, and increased neuronal expression of IL-1β is a feature of age-related neurodegeneration. We have recently reported that IL-1β has a biphasic effect on the K⁺-induced rise in intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration (Ca²⁺]_i) in cortical synaptosomes, exerting an inhibitory effect on the K⁺-induced rise in Ca²⁺]_i at lower (3.5 ng/mL) concentrations and a stimulatory effect on the K⁺-induced rise in Ca²⁺]_i at higher (100 ng/mL) concentrations. In the present study, we observed that the K⁺-induced rise in Ca²⁺]_i was inhibited to a similar extent by the lower concentration of IL-1β in cortical synaptosomes prepared from young (3-month-old), middle-aged (12-month-old) and aged (24-month-old) rats. In contrast, cortical synaptosomes prepared from the aged rats exhibited an increased susceptibility to the higher concentration of IL-1β, resulting in a marked elevation in Ca²⁺]_i. We propose that the age-related increase in neuronal concentration of IL-1β promotes a dramatic elevation in Ca²⁺]_i following membrane depolarization, thereby altering Ca²⁺ homeostasis and exacerbating neuronal vulnerability to excitotoxicity.