长链非编码RNA遗传多态性作为肿瘤标志物的研究进展

长链非编码RNA（long non?coding RNA，lncRNA）是一类长度超过200个核苷酸残基，能够调控基因表达并在机体生理和病理过程中发挥重要作用的非编码RNA，差异表达的lncRNA与肿瘤的发生发展显著相关。研究表明lncRNA的遗传多态性可以改变基因结构从而产生广泛的基因多态性，大多数lncRNA基因多态性与肿瘤的发生、转移和预后密切相关，有望成为新型肿瘤标志物和肿瘤治疗的靶点。本文结合国内外最新报道，综述lncRNA遗传多态性作为肿瘤标志物，对恶性肿瘤的风险评估、疗效预测和预后判断有着极其重要的意义。

Research progress of genetic polymorphisms in long non-coding RNAs as tumor biomarkers

Long non-coding RNAs ( LncRNAs ) are a class of RNA molecules with length longer than 200 nucleotides regulating gene expression and playing an important role in the physiological and pathological process, differential expression of LncRNA significantly associated with tumorigenesis and tumor progression. LncRNA gene variants can alter the genetic structure, led to wide polymorphisms of LncRNA genes which involved in carcinogenesis, metastasis and prognosis. It is expected to become novel tumor biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This review summarized the recent progresses to explore the importance of LncRNA gene polymorphisms as potential clinical tumor markers in the risk assessment, curative effect prediction and prognosis judgement.