飞行学员肾下垂两年跟踪随访研究

目的 观察飞行学员肾下垂随时间的变化情况,为招飞体检时肾下垂医学鉴定标准掌握提供参考. 方法 对招飞体检时肋下可触及肾脏的86名飞行学员(观察组)和随机选择的肋下未触及肾脏的51名学员(对照组)进行跟踪随访,并将观察组按照立位深吸气时是否肋缘下可触及右肾一半以上进一步分为肾下移组(63名)和肾下垂组(23名),观察其在基础学习训练期间的健康状况,两年后复查肾脏触诊和超声检查肾脏位置变化情况,以及有无运动后血尿,对检查结果 进行对比分析. 结果 经过两年学习训练,观察组飞行学员体重增加.超声测量右肾脏下极距右髂后上嵴距离显示:对照组学员肾脏位置无明显变化[(6.0±0.7)cm比(5.9±1.0)cm,t=0.668,P＞0.05],肾下移组肾脏位置有所下降[(5.3±1.0)cm比(5.6±0.7)cm,t=2.961,P＜0.01],肾下垂组肾脏位置下降更明显[(3.9±0.6)cm比(5.3±0.4)cm,t=10.451,P＜0.01].肾下垂组有2名飞行学员出现劳累后腰酸、腰痛等临床症状. 结论 通过两年航空大学常规基础体能训练,肾下移和肾下垂飞行学员肾脏位置没有改善,反而进一步下移,建议招飞体检时应进一步重视肾下垂的检查和医学鉴定,必要时结合超声检查进行评定.Abstract：Objective To observe the change of nephroptosis with time in flying cadets and provide references to the evaluation standard of diagnosing nephroptosis in selection of flying cadets.Methods Follow up was taken both for 86 flying cadets with different degree of nephroptosis (observation group) and 51 randomly selected cadets without nephroptosis (control group). The observation group was further divided into kidney descending group ((53 cadets) and nephroptosis group (23 cadets) according to if the half or more kidney could be touched by palpation when cadet was in standing position and holding deep breath. Two years later, kidney palpation and ultrasonic examination were performed again to check the position of kidney and their urine was tested after 3000 m running for inspecting occult blood. All data were compared and analyzed. Results Cadets in observation group showed increased body mass index in two years. The distance between anus perineum of right kidney and right posterior superior iliac spine depended by ultrasound examination was decreased significantly both in kidney descending group [(5. 3 ± 1.0) cm compared to (5. 6 ±0.7) cm, t=2.961, P＜0. 01] and nephroptosis group [(3.9±0.6) cm compared to (5.3±0.4) cm,t=10. 451, P＜0.01] but in control group [(6.0±0.7) cm compared to (5.9±1.0) cm, t=0. 668,P＞0.05]. Two cadets in kidney descending group had a complaint of waist soreness and lumbago after exertion. Conclusions Flying cadets' nephroptosis has not been ameliorated and even more serious in two years of routine exercise in aviation university. The nephroptosis should be paid more attention in selection of flying cadets and diagnosis may be conducted with ultrasonic examination if necessary.

Two-year follow up on nephroptosis in flying cadets

Objective To observe the change of nephroptosis with time in flying cadets and provide references to the evaluation standard of diagnosing nephroptosis in selection of flying cadets.Methods Follow up was taken both for 86 flying cadets with different degree of nephroptosis (observation group) and 51 randomly selected cadets without nephroptosis (control group). The observation group was further divided into kidney descending group ((53 cadets) and nephroptosis group (23 cadets) according to if the half or more kidney could be touched by palpation when cadet was in standing position and holding deep breath. Two years later, kidney palpation and ultrasonic examination were performed again to check the position of kidney and their urine was tested after 3000 m running for inspecting occult blood. All data were compared and analyzed. Results Cadets in observation group showed increased body mass index in two years. The distance between anus perineum of right kidney and right posterior superior iliac spine depended by ultrasound examination was decreased significantly both in kidney descending group [(5. 3 ± 1.0) cm compared to (5. 6 ±0.7) cm, t=2.961, P＜0. 01] and nephroptosis group [(3.9±0.6) cm compared to (5.3±0.4) cm,t=10. 451, P＜0.01] but in control group [(6.0±0.7) cm compared to (5.9±1.0) cm, t=0. 668,P＞0.05]. Two cadets in kidney descending group had a complaint of waist soreness and lumbago after exertion. Conclusions Flying cadets' nephroptosis has not been ameliorated and even more serious in two years of routine exercise in aviation university. The nephroptosis should be paid more attention in selection of flying cadets and diagnosis may be conducted with ultrasonic examination if necessary.