医院蟑螂种群构成及侵害状况调查研究

目的调查芜湖市医院内蟑螂种群构成及侵害状况,为蟑螂的有效防治提供科学依据。方法用诱捕法和药激法捕获蟑螂,并进行种类鉴定、计数及数据分析。结果共捕获蟑螂574只,分类鉴定为美洲大蠊、黑胸大蠊、澳洲大蠊和德国小蠊;医院内各生境类型均有蟑螂孳生繁衍,其中门诊部、住院部和食堂内蟑螂以德国小蠊为优势种,行政办公室以美洲大蠊为优势种。医院蟑螂平均侵害率为80.33%(294/366),平均孳生密度为1.57只/间;其中医院食堂蟑螂侵害最严重,侵害率为100%(54/54),与门诊部、住院部和行政办公室相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),且蟑螂平均孳生密度为4.74只/间;住院部普通病房受蟑螂侵害最严重,侵害率为93.65%(59/63),与高干病房、值班室、ICU和手术室相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),且蟑螂平均孳生密度为1.71只/间。结论芜湖市医院蟑螂侵害状况较为普遍,其中医院食堂和住院部普通病房内蟑螂侵害严重,蟑螂防治工作十分紧迫。

Investigation on the population construction and infestation of cockroach in the hospital

Objective To survey the population construction and infestations of cockroaches in different habitat, so as to provide evidences for cockroaches control in the hospital. Methods To catch cockroaches by the sticky traps method and the medicine stir up method, and the cockroaches were isolated, identified and counted. Results 574 cockroaches were caught. They were resided respectively in 2 families, 2 genera and 4 species, namely Periplaneta. americana, P. fuliginosa, P. australariae and Blattella germanica. Cockroaches were caught in different habits. In the outpatient department, inpatient department and canteen, the preponderant species of species compos- ing was B. germanica. With the difference,P, americana was the predominant cockroach breed in the office of hospital administration. The average infestation rate reached 80.33 % （294/366）, and the average density of cockroaches was 1.57 pest/space in the hospital. Among different habitats, the infestation rate of cockroaches in the hospital can- teen was by far the most serious, reached 100% （54/54）, it has higher significant difference than that in outpatient department, inpatient department and the office of administration（P 〈0.01 ）, and the average density of cockroaches was 4.74 pest/space in the canteen. In the inpatient department, the higher infestation rate of cockroaches in the general ward, reached 93.65% （59/63）, it has higher significant difference than that in the high-ranking official ward,janitorS room, ICU and operating room （P 〈 0.01 ）, and the average density of cockroaches was 1.71 pest/ space in the general ward. Conclusion The infestation of cockroaches is popular in the hospital. Moreover, the hospital canteen and the general ward have the most serious infestation of cockroaches, so the efforts to control cock- roaches are urgent in the hospital.