声门下型喉癌的外科治疗

目的 分析研究声门下型喉癌的临床特征、外科治疗方法及预后相关因素，探索该型喉癌最合适的外科治疗模式。方法回顾性分析中国医学科学院肿瘤医院头颈外科1987年1月-2001年7月间收治的24例声门下型喉癌患者不同T分期、N分期的3年无瘤生存率，以及不同外科治疗方法及相应的生存率。结果24例声门下型喉癌患者的3年无瘤生存率为50．0％(12／24)。喉全切除术19例患者的3年无瘤生存率为47．4％(9／19)，其中T2、T3、T4期的生存率分别为1／1、6／11、2／7；喉部分切除术5例患者的3年无瘤生存率为3／5，T2、T3期的生存率分别为3／4、0／1，其中2例患者病理证实为切缘阳性。本组病例的淋巴结阳性率为33．3％(8／24)，T2、T3、T4期的淋巴结阳性率分别为0／5、5／12、3／7。NO、N1、N2期的3年无瘤生存率分别为10／16、1／4、1／4。病理证实阳性淋巴结的部位有Ⅱ区、Ⅲ-Ⅳ区、气管食管沟、上纵隔、锁骨上窝。结论声门下型喉癌预后差，早期治疗效果好。喉全切除术仍是当前声门下型喉癌主要的外科治疗方式，仅一部分早期高选择患者可行喉部分切除术，并应考虑术后放疗。颈淋巴转移是预后很重要的相关因素。颈淋巴结阳性或者局部病灶晚期的声门下型喉癌患者应行包括Ⅱ～Ⅵ区、上纵隔的淋巴清扫。

Surgical therapy of subglottic carcinoma

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical characteristics, surgical procedures and correlated prognostic factors of the cases with subglottic carcinoma; to seek for the optimal surgical treatment for the patients suffering from subglottic carcinoma. METHODS: Twenty-four cases with subglottic carcinoma were retrospectively reviewed, the disease-free survival rates of the patients at 3 years were analyzed according to the different T N phases and the surgical modalities. RESULTS: The free-disease survival rate at 3 years was 50.0% (12/24) for 24 cases with subglottic carcinoma. The survival rates of 19 cases with total laryngectomy was 47.4% (9/19), and the survival rates in T2, T3, T4 phases were respectively 1/1, 6/11, 2/7. The survival rates of 5 cases with partial laryngectomy was 3/5, the survival rates in T2, T3 phases were respectively 3/4, 0/1, and the surgical margins were verified to be positive in 2 of 5 cases being performed partial laryngectomy. The metastasis rate of lymph nodes was 33.3% (8/24). The survival rates of patients with N0, N1, N2 disease were respectively 10/16, 1/4, 1/4. The positive lymph nodes were verified in the neck regions of II-VI and superior mediastinum. CONCLUSIONS: Prognoses of the cases with subglottic carcinoma were poor, early treatment could result in good effect. Until now total laryngectomy still the mainly treatment of subglottic carcinoma. Only the patients with earlier subglottic carcinoma are amenable to partial laryngectomy and should be given postoperative irradiation. Lymph node metastasis was a very important prognostic factor. Paratracheal lymph nodes are the sentinel nodes for subglottic carcinoma, and it is reasonable to probe the nodes. Once verifying positive lymph node, the typical neck dissection involving I-VI regions and superior mediastinum should be performed.