肝癌合并门静脉癌栓形成机制及治疗方法

肝细胞性肝癌是全世界常见的恶性肿瘤之一.近年来,随着影像学的发展,越来越多的肝细胞性肝癌在早期即能被发现,但是,其中11％～42％的肝癌患者已有门静脉侵犯,即门静脉癌栓的形成.门静脉癌栓的形成使肿瘤细胞在肝脏中广泛传播并引起肝功能的进一步恶化.过去常被认为不宜行手术治疗,多采用保守治疗或放弃治疗,大多数患者在数月内死亡,即使有机会行手术切除,术后多辅以经导管肝动脉栓塞化疗术、门静脉支架植入或门静脉化疗等治疗方式,部分患者能更长时间的存活,但由于微小癌栓及微小转移灶术前已存在,术前检查难以发现,手术取栓很难清除干净,容易导致术后肝癌早期复发.随着科学技术的不断进步及对门静脉癌栓形成机制的进一步认识,越来越多的治疗新技术被应用于临床.本文主要就门静脉癌栓形成机制及经典的经导管肝动脉栓塞化疗术和一些新的治疗方法,如螺旋断层放疗、CIK细胞治疗、经导管肝动脉栓塞化疗术联合门静脉支架植入后125I放疗进行综述.

Mechanisms and therapeutic methods of HCC with PVTT

Hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） is one of the most common cancers in the worldwide.In recent years,the development of imaging techniques has facilitated the detection of HCC at early stages.However,HCC has a high frequency of portal vein invasion,which is reportedly observed in 11％ to 42％ of patients with HCC.Portal vein tumor thrombus（PVTT） is a crucial factor that can worsen the prognosis of HCC because it can be wide dissemination of tumor throughout the liver and cause a marked deterioration of hepatic function.It was considered that is not appropriate with surgical treatment in the past,which is treatment conservative or even give up,most of the patients died within a few months.Even if the patients have a chance to surgical resection,and the most of patients combined with TACE,portal vein stent implantation or chemotherapy postoperative,some patients can be more prolonged survival,however,due to the small tumor thrombus and micro metastases have exist before the surgery and can not be checked out.it＇s difficult to clean up in the surgery,easily lead to HCC recurrence postoperative.However,with the constant awareness the PVTT formation mechanism and scientific technology progress,more and more new treatment techniques is applied to clinical.This view focuses on the portal vein tumor thrombus formation mechanisms and Classic Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization and new treatment methods such as：Helical tomotherapy,CIK cell therapy （cytokine-induced killer cell therapy）,Chemoembolization and stent combined with iodine-125 seed.