急性毒鼠强中毒161例报告

为加强对毒鼠强中毒的认识，分析了161例经毒物鉴定证实的毒鼠强中毒病人的中毒途径、临床表现、实验室检查所见与治疗。结果表明：中毒途径为胃肠道中毒。毒鼠强中毒的潜伏期较短，多数在进食毒物0．5～1h内发病。主要中毒症状为头痛、头晕、乏力、恶心、呕吐、腹痛不安、严重者神志模糊、强直性惊厥与昏迷。一些病例有血清ALT与BUN升高，1例出现急性肾功能衰竭。24例ECG表现心肌缺血与损伤。主要治疗措施为清除消化道内毒物（催吐、洗胃、导泻），抗惊厥（肌注苯巴比妥钠），活性炭血液灌流以除去血中吸收的毒物，与其它对症支持疗法。经治疗161例全部痊愈。

ACUTE TETRAMINE POISONING: 161 CASES REPORT

In order to enhance the understanding of tetramine poisoning, the routes of intoxication, clinical features, laboratory finding, and the management of 161 patients with tetramine poisoning, confirmed by chemical analysis, were investigated. Results: The poison is taken in by mouth and the incubation period is shorter. The time of onset in most cases is within 0. 5~1 hour after poison ingestion. The principal manifestations are headache, dizziness, weakness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and restlessness in mild patients, while confusion, tonic convulsion,and coma are found in severe cases. The serum ALT and BUN were increased in some cases, acute renal failure was found in one patient. The ECG reveals myocardial ischemia and damage in 24 cases. The essential managements are: to remove the ingested poison from digestive system (induce emesis, gastric lavage, and catharsis), give anticonvulsants (espectially sodium phenobarbital, i. m. ), enhance the poison elimination (activated charcoal hemoperfusion), and other supportive therapy. All cases in our series survived after treatment.