围绝经期妇女月经状况与心血管疾病的关系

目的：调查城市社区围绝经期女性中心血管疾病的患病率及其危险因素，并探讨绝经与心血管疾病危险因素之间的关系。方法采用现况调查的方法入选社区年龄40岁～59岁围绝经期妇女，填写调查问卷，内容包括：人口学特征、月经情况、身高体重、心血管疾病患病情况。根据月经状况将入选人群分为月经规律组、月经不规律组和绝经后期组。结果入选女性中，高血压和冠心病患病率分别为23.5%和7.7%，超重、肥胖、高脂血症及糖尿病的患病率分别为25.3%、2.4%、10.4%和6.2%，三组中绝经后期组超重、肥胖、高脂血症及其糖尿病比例最高。绝经后期组、月经不规律组及月经规律组中高血压的患病率分别为13.6%、5.8%和4.1%，具有统计学意义（P＆lt;0.01）。月经不规律组中冠心病患病率高于月经规律组（P＆lt;0.01），月经不规律组中高脂血症患病率高于月经规律组（P＆lt;0.01）。结论高血压、高血脂、冠心病、肥胖和超重是城市社区围绝经期女性中最常见的心血管疾病。心血管疾病患病率及其危险因素从绝经过渡期即开始增加。

A Survey on the Prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Chinese Climacteric Women

Objectives To investigate the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases （CVDs）and their risk factors in urban climacteric women and explore the relationship between menopause and risk factors of CVDs.Methods In this cross sectional study,788 women were selected by multistage cluster sampling.All subjects lived in Beijing and were investigated with structured interview questionnaire.The response rate was 93.5%.The sample consisted of 242 premenopausal women,187 menopausal transition women （menses change）,and 358 postmenopausal women.Results the prevalence of hypertension and coronary heart disease was 23.5%and 7.7%.The prevalence of overweight,obesity,hyperlipidemia,and diabetes was 25.3%,2.4%,10.4%,and 6.2%,respectively.Among three groups,the proportion of overweight,obesity,hyperlipidemia,and diabetes were highest in postmenopausal women group.The prevalence of hypertension in postmenopausal women group,menopausal transition women group,and premenopausal women group was 13.6%,5.8% and 4.1%,respectively （P ＆lt;0.01）.The prevalence of coronary heart disease in menopausal transition group was higher than that in premenopausal and postmenopausal women group （P＆lt;0.01）.The prevalence of hyperlipidemia in menopausal transition women group was higher than that in premenopausal group （P＆lt;0.01）.Conclusion Hypertension,hyperlipidemia,Coro-narg heart disease,obesity and overveight were the most common CVDs in urban climacteric women.The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors might be increased from menopausal transition.