经口喂养困难早产儿行口腔运动护理干预的效果观察

目的探讨早产儿口腔运动的护理干预(prematrue infant oral motor intervention,PIOMI)用于存在经口喂养困难早产儿的干预效果。方法将60例存在经口喂养困难入住NICU的早产儿作为研究对象,采用随机数字表分为对照组和观察组各30例,对照组进行常规护理,观察组在常规喂养护理的基础上进行早产儿口腔运动的护理干预,应用新生儿口腔运动评估量表(Neonatal Oral Motor Assessment Scale,NOMAS)对早产儿进行评估。结果两组早产儿开始经口喂养时胎龄、体质量差异均无统计学意义。观察组达到完全经口喂养时胎龄显著低于对照组(P0.01);观察组从开始经口喂养过渡到完全经口喂养天数少于对照组(P0.05);但对照组达到完全经口喂养时的喂养效率高于观察组(P0.05)。达到完全经口喂养时,观察组喂养失调型态得分低于对照组(P0.05);障碍型态得分显著低于对照组(P0.01)。结论早产儿口腔运动的护理干预可以改善早产儿口腔运动功能,缩短喂养进,改善喂养表现。

Effect of Oral Motor Intervention on Premature Infant with Oral Feeding Difficulties

Objective To explore the effect of premature infant oral motor intervention （PIOMI） on oral feeding difficulties. Methods Sixty premature infants were divided into control group with conventional nursing and observation group with PIOMI in addition to conventional nursing. Neonatal Oral Motor Assessment Scale （NOMAS） was applied for the evaluation of infants oral motor function. Results There was no statistical significance of infants ’ gestational age and body mass at the very beginning of oral feeding in both groups. Gestational age when achieving full oral feeding in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group （ P〈0.01） and the transition time to achieve fully oral feeding in observation group was statistically significant shorter than that in control group （P〈0.05）. Dysfunctional NOMAS scores and disorganized NOMAS scores in observation group were lower or significantly lower than those in control group （P〈0.05, P〈0.01）. Conclusion Premature infant oral motor intervention benefits the improvement of oral motor function and shortening the feeding process.