不明原因慢性咳嗽的病因分布及诊断程序的建立

目的观察慢性咳嗽的病因分布,在此基础上建立慢性咳嗽的病因诊断程序。方法对于入选的慢性咳嗽患者,在询问病史和查体的基础上,进行诱导痰、肺通气功能+气道高反应性、X线胸片、鼻窦X线片或CT、24h食管pH值监测等检查,根据检查结果和治疗反应,最后确定病因诊断。结果共收集慢性咳嗽患者194例,平均年龄(41±12)岁(16～71岁),平均咳嗽时间(62±86)个月(2～487个月)。慢性咳嗽病因比例依次为:嗜酸粒细胞性支气管炎51例次(22.4%)、鼻炎/鼻窦炎39例次(17.1%)、咳嗽变异型哮喘31例次(13.6%)、变应性咳嗽28例次(12.3%)、胃食管反流性咳嗽27例次(11.8%)、其他病因43例次(18.8%),病因未明9例次(3.9%)。单一病因咳嗽者153例(82.7%),复合病因32例(17.3%)。结论慢性咳嗽的病因分布与国外相比有着较大的差别,嗜酸粒细胞性支气管炎和变应性咳嗽是慢性咳嗽的重要病因。根据上述慢性咳嗽病因分布和临床特征,提出了新的慢性咳嗽病因诊断程序。

Etiology and a diagnostic protocol for patients with chronic cough

Objective The spectrum and frequency of causes and the diagnostic protocol for chronic cough were explored. Methods A total of 194 patients with at least 3 weeks of chronic cough and normal chest radiographs were recruited from the outpatient clinic of Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases between July 2003 to June 2004. The causes were investigated using a well-established protocol. The diagnostic protocol included history inquring and physical examination,pulmonary function tests,induced sputum cell differentials,24 h esophageal pH monitoring,CT of the paranasal sinuses or chest,fiberoptic rhinoscopy or bronchoscopy. The final diagnosis was made based on clinical manifestation,examination findings and a positive response to therapy. Results The cause of chronic cough was defined in 95.4% of the patients,with a single cause found in 153 patients(82.7%),and multiple causes in 32 patients(17.3%). The five most important causes of cough were:eosinophilic bronchitis(n=51,22.4%),rhinitis and/or paranasal sinusitis(PNDs,n=39,17.1%),cough-variant asthma(n=31,13.6%),atopic cough (n=28,12.3%),and gastroesophageal reflux(n=27,11.8%). Conclusions The spectrum and frequency of causes of chronic cough in our study is different from the previous reports in western countries. Eosinophilic bronchitis and atopic cough are important causes of chronic cough. A modified diagnostic protocol was established accordingly.