云南城乡居民营养素摄入状况及膳食结构分析

目的 分析云南城乡居民营养素摄入状况及膳食结构,为制定营养改善策略提供依据。方法 分析2010-2012年云南省6个"中国居民营养与健康状况监测"监测点1024户共1989人的膳食调查数据。结果 居民每标准人日能量和蛋白质摄入量分别为9425.6 kJ和67.9 g,达推荐摄入量(RNI)的93.8%和90.5%,食物能量和蛋白质供给基本充足;维生素A、B1、B2、C及钙摄入不足,分别为381.2μg视黄醇当量、1.0、0.7、79.0和270.7 mg,仅及适宜摄入量(AI)的47.7%、71.4%、50.0%、79.0%和33.8%;居民每标准人日谷薯类、肉类及油脂类食物消费分别为505.5 g、116.3 g、40.3 g,已超过膳食指南推荐量,而蔬菜、水果、豆类、蛋类、水产品及乳类消费量偏低,仅为241.6、44.6、17.8、14.7、10.0和12.3 g;大城市、中小城市、普通农村和贫困农村脂肪供能比分别为36.0%、28.0%、25.0%和21.0%,城市居民已面临脂肪摄入过剩风险;9类食物多样化评分(DDS)分别为大城市6.4分、中小城市5.7分、普通农村5.4分、贫困农村5.0分,居民膳食多样化程度存在明显的城乡差异;结论云南城乡居民存在微量营养素摄入不足和膳食结构失衡的问题,应进一步加强营养宣教和干预工作。

Nutrients intake and dietary structure among residents in Yunnan province

Objective To analyze nutrients intake and dietary structure among residents in Yunnan province for making effective improvement strategy.Methods The data on 1 989 residents from 1 024 households in Yunnan province were extracted from Chinese Nutrition and Health Survey, 2010-2012 and analyzed.Results Among the residents surveyed, the intakes of energy and protein were sufficient(9 425.6 kJ and 67.9 g per reference man per day) and up to 93.8% and 90.5% of recommended nutrient intake(RNI), but the intakes of vitamin A, B1, B2, C and calcium were inadequate (381.2 μg retinol equivalent, 1.0 mg, 0.7 mg, 79.0 mg, and 270.7 mg), only accounting for 47.7%, 71.4%, 50.0%, 79.0%, and 33.8% of RNI or adquate intake(AI), respectively.The consumptions of grains, meats, and fat(505.5 g, 116.3 g, and 40.3 g) exceeded the reference standards, while vegetables, fruits, beans, eggs, milks, and aquatic products(241.6 g, 44.6 g, 17.8 g, 14.7 g, 10.0 g, and 12.3 g) were far lower than the standards.The percentages of energy provided by fat were 36.0%, 28.0%, 25.0%, and 21.0% for the residents living in large city, medium or small city, normal rural regions, and poor rural regions, respectively.The urban residents had a risk of excess fat intake.The dietary diversity scores based on nine classifications of foods(DDS9) were 6.4, 5.7, 5.4, and 5.0 for the residents living in large city, medium or small city, normal rural regions, and poor rural regions, respectively, with significant differences between the residents in urban and rural areas in Yunnan province.Conclusion There are micronutrients deficiencies and dietary imbalance and nutrition education and intervention should be promoted among the residents in Yunnan province.