福建省泉州市农村饮水安全工程水质微生物指标分析

目的 了解福建省泉州市农村饮水安全工程（水厂）水质微生物污染状况。方法 于2010-2014年对泉州市5个县（市）621处农村水厂进行调查，同时于枯水期和丰水期采集出厂水和末梢水共2 484份水样进行水质微生物检测。结果 微生物指标总合格率为60.14%，年度合格率在54.58%~64.86%之间。集中式与小型集中式水厂，小型集中式水厂出厂水与末稍水，地表与地下水源水，使用漂白粉、液氯与二氧化氯处理的水质微生物指标合格率分别为70.83%与59.26%，61.20%与57.05%，43.10%与60.23%，54.62%、86.27%与81.82%，各分类统计的合格率差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；地下水经完全处理、沉淀过滤、未处理的微生物指标合格率分别为56.25%、59.57%、55.00%，差异无统计学意义。结论 泉州市农村水厂水质微生物指标严重超标。

Microbial indexes of drinking water in areas under rural drinking water safety project in Quanzhou municipality of Fujian province

Objective To examine microbial indexes of drinking water from rural water works covered by drinking water safety project in Quanzhou municipality of Fujian province.Methods A total of 2 484 samples of finished and tap water supplied by 621 rural drinking water works in 5 counties of Quanzhou municipality were collected with stratified random sampling during wet and dry seasons from 2010 to 2014 and detected for microbial indexes.Results The overall qualified rate of the microbial indexes for the samples was 60.14% and the annual qualified rates ranged between 54.58% and 64.86%.The microbial index qualified rate for finished water samples from the centralized water works was significantly higher than that from the small-scale centralized water works (70.83% vs.59.26%,χ²=11.3;P=0.000 8);for the samples from the small-scale centralized water works,the microbial index qualified rate of finished water was significantly higher than that of the tap water (61.20% vs.57.05%,χ²=4.03;P=0.045).There was a significant difference in the microbial index qualified rate between the finished water samples from water works using unfully treated surface water and underground water (43.10% vs.60.23%,χ²=12.87;P=0.0003).The overall microbial index qualified rate was significantly different among the water samples from the water works using chlorinated lime (54.62%),liquid chlorine (86.27%),and chlorine dioxide (81.82%) (χ²=65.09,P<0.05);no significant difference in the qualified rate was observed for the water samples from the water works using fully treated,precipitated and filtrated,and unfully treated underground water (P>0.05).Conclusion The qualified rate of the microbial indexes of drinking water from rural water works in Quanzhou municipality of Fujian province is relatively low.