剑川鼠疫自然疫源地27种蚤类生态位研究

本文运用生态位理论和模糊聚类，对云南省剑川鼠疫自然疫源的２７种蚤类的生态位进行了研究，三维生态位最宽的是特新蚤，其次是斯氏新蚤，再次是人蚤；三维生态位元素多样性和均匀性最高的是特新蚤，其次是斯氏新蚤，这反映出这３种蚤的三维生态位元素结构和利用性差异较突出。将这２７种蚤划分为９个竞争性群，揭示了各种蚤之间的资源利用或适应模式的关系。这种模式不仅反应了各蚤之间的生态相似性，还在一定程度上反映了由资源利

The Niche of 27 Kinds of Flea in NaturaI PIague Focus of Jianchuan , Yunnan Province

Appling the theory of niche and fuzzy cluster,the niche of 27 kinds of flea has been studied natural plague focus of Jianchuan,Yunnan province. The 3-dimension niche breadth is maxmum for Neopsylla specialis,next for Neopsylla stevensi,third for Pulex irritans,and as well as in 3-dimension niche element di-versity and evenness. This reflects the point difference of the three fleas in 3-dimension niche element struc- ture and utilization or adaption. Because the niche overlap is intensity in one or two dimension of resource,niche separation is very much in other dimension of resource,27 fleas have been divided into 9 competition groups.The result reveals the relationships between their modes of resource utilization or adaption. The mode reflects not only ecological similarity between fleas,but also competition relationships caused by resource uti-lization or adaption to a certain extent,then it is comprehensive expression of the similarity,competition and separation. It makes suggestion that it tends to systermic evolution for the flea community facing lowest harm-ful action and reduction the pressure of competition,and forming the relatively stable ecology pattern of re-placement each other in catastrophic process. And it is a good approach to using overlap value between species as ecological similarity measurement in one or more resources dimension condition,forming fuzzy similarity matrix of comprehensively expressing similarity,competition and separation,then dividing and revealing the comprehensive relationships by means of fuzzy cluster.