中药对一氧化氮合酶/一氧化氮系统调节作用的研究进展

一氧化氮(nitric oxide，NO)是人体重要的信使分子，由内皮型一氧化氮合酶(nitric oxide synthase，NOS)、神经元型一氧化氮合酶和诱导型一氧化氮合酶催化而成，合成后的一氧化氮迅速跨膜扩散释放，对免疫系统、神经系统等许多生理系统具有重要调节功能。血管系统的内源性一氧化氮可增强血管系统功能、舒张血管、增强血管内皮细胞存活、抑制血小板积聚和抑制白细胞浸润。然而，病理情况下一氧化氮过量产生可能通过细胞毒性作用与细胞抑制作用导致组织损伤。本文从中药调节NOS/NO系统介导相关疾病出发，综述了近五年有关中药调节NOS/NO系统及相关通路作用的研究，以期为相关疾病治疗提供新的线索或参考，为临床合理、有效用药提供科学依据。

Advances of regulatory effects of traditional Chinese medicine on NOS/NO system

Nitric oxide(NO)is a vital signal messenger in human and generated by nitric oxide synthase including endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS), inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)and neuropathic nitric oxide synthase(nNOS). NO has important regulatory function on the immune system, nervous system and many other physiological systems. Endogenous NO can enhance the function of the vascular system and endothelial cell survival, and inhibit platelet accumulation and leukocyte infiltration. Excessive production of NO may damage tissues by cytotoxic and cytostatic effects. Thus, NO plays a dual role in physiology and pathology. This paper gives a brief review on regulatory effects of NOS-NO system by traditional Chinese medicine during the recent five years, so as to provide some clues or references for the treatment of related diseases and scientific evidene for reasonable and effective clinical application.