| Affiliation: | 1.GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group,Universidad de Zaragoza,Zaragoza,Spain;2.Faculty of Health Sciences,University of Zaragoza,Zaragoza,Spain;3.Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM),Ministry of Science and Innovation,Madrid,Spain;4.Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health,University of Zaragoza,Zaragoza,Spain;5.Unit of Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Institute of Food Sciences,National Research Council,Avellino,Italy;6.Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiologic Research,Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS,Bremen,Germany;7.Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Institute of Statistics,University Bremen,Bremen,Germany;8.Department of Public Health,Ghent University Hospital,Ghent,Belgium;9.Department of Community Medicine and Public Health,Sahlgrenska Academy at G?teborg University,Gothenburg,Sweden;10.Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Department of Preventive Medicine,Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori,Milan,Italy;11.Laboratory of Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention,IRCCS Mediterranean Neurological Institute NEUROMED,Pozzilli,Italy;12.Department of Paediatrics, Medical Faculty,University of Pécs,Pecs,Hungary;13.Research and Education Institute of Child Health REF,Strovolos,Cyprus;14.National Institute for Health Development,Tervise Arengu Instituut,Tallinn,Estonia |
| Abstract: | PurposeThis cross-sectional study assesses the relationship between consumption frequencies of food items and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in European children.MethodsOut of the baseline sample (N = 16.228) of the IDEFICS study, 6.403 children (1.315 boys aged 2 to <6, 1.908 boys aged 6 to <10, 1.204 girls aged 2 to <6 and 1.976 girls aged 6 to <10 years) had hs-CRP measured and the Children’s Eating Habits Questionnaire filled, including a food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression adjusted for body mass index z-score, education of the mother, breast-feeding and self-reported hours of physical activity in a sport club per week was conducted.ResultsMean frequency intake of raw vegetable was lower in boys (p = 0.022 in young and p = 0.020 in old) and older girls (p = 0.026) with high hs-CRP concentration, while in younger girls (p = 0.008) the same occurred with the cooked vegetables. The probability of having higher hs-CRP concentration was significantly associated with having low consumption frequency of vegetables (p = 0.004 in older boys, raw vegetables; and p = 0.0032 in younger girls, cooked vegetables). Also, honey/jam intake decreased the probability of having higher concentration of hs-CRP, whereas soft drinks with sugar, mayonnaise and cereals milled increased this probability.ConclusionsOut of all food items associated with hs-CRP, frequency intake of vegetables presented more associations across all the analysis. Findings suggest that a high-frequency intake of vegetables is inversely related to an inflammatory status in children. More studies are needed to assess the association between diet and inflammation. |
