石斛类叶鞘的显微鉴定研究

商品石斛的植物来源复杂,规格繁多,外形鉴定较困难。为了准确鉴定石斛的品种,对常作为药用的16种石斛属(Dendrobium Sw)植物的叶鞘进行了显微观察,发现其表皮细胞的形状,大小,所含草酸钙结晶的形状、大小、分布等种间区别较明显,可作为鉴别石斛种类的科学依据之一。本文对金钗石斛D.nobile Lindl。等16种石斛的叶鞘表面特征加以描述,并附主要特征图和检索表。

Microscopical examination of leaf sheathes of the Chinese drug "Shihu", herba dendrobii

"Shihu", a famous Chinese traditional drug, is used to replenish the vital essence of the lung and stomach, to clear up the excessive heat and to promote the secretion of the body fluid. The commercial crude drugs under the general name "Shihu" are mostly derived from a number of species of the genus Dendrobium. It is difficult to identify exactly the botanical origin of these crude drugs through macroscopical examination. In order to tackle this problem, the leaf sheathes of the stems of 16 species of the genus Dendrobium are examined microscopically and the characteristics of their epidermal cells and calcium oxalate crystals are compared. The diagnostic features found are proved to be useful for the identification of the botanical origin of commercial samples of the "Shihu". In this paper the microscopical characters of 16 Dendrobium species are described with illustration.