"5·1 2"四川汶川特大地震应急救灾人员症状测评结果分析

目的 了解"5·12"四川汶川特大地震应急期救灾人员的心理特征,为增进心理健康提供科学依据.方法 2008年5月12日四川汶川发生8.0级特大地震.震后20 d内,调查队在灾区采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对600名救灾军人进行了测试,并与1999年文献发表的19 662名军人常模结果及1986年文献发表的1388名中国正常人常模结果进行比较,判断总均分和各因子分值的差异,统计阳性项目,分析影响因素.结果 ①在地震应急期,救灾人员SCL-90总均分均低于军人常模和地方常摸结果(P均＜0.01);②救灾人员心理健康问题主要表现为躯体症状(1.22±0.29)分、强迫症状(1.29±0.36)分;③救灾人员心理健康与救灾地区和军人文化程度呈正相关(r1=0.29,r2=0.15,P均＜0.01),与参与救灾天数呈负相关(r=-0.28,P＜0.01).结论 在地震应急期,救灾人员心理健康状况较好,但躯体症状和强迫症状等心理问题突出.参与救灾时间、救灾地区和救灾人员受教育程度是影响心理状态的主要因素.

Analysis of symptom checklist 90 of relief crew during critical period after Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan province

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the psychological features of relief crew in critical period after Wenchuan earthquake and to improve their mental health. METHODS: On May 12 of 2008, severe earthquake of a magnitude of 8.0 on Richter scale occurred in Wenchuan county, Sichuan province of China. Within 20 days after the earthquake, a research group conducted a study of psychological features of 600 relief crew with symptom checklist 90 (SCL-90), and the general symptom index and factorial scores were compared with Chinese norm (results from 1 388 personnel, published in 1986) and army norm (results from 19 662 servicemen, published in 1999). The positive items were measured and the relative factors were evaluated. RESULTS: (1)In the critical period after the earthquake, the relief workers had lower general symptomatic index than Chinese normal personnel or normal servicemen (both P<0.01). (2)Obsessive-compulsive symptoms (factorial score: 1.29+/-0.36) and somatization symptoms (factorial score: 1.22+/-0.29) were the main psychologic problems in this period. (3)Psychology of relief workers was correlated positively with working zones and education (r(1)=0.29, r(2)=0.15, both P<0.01), while negatively with working period (r=-0.28 , P<0.01). CONCLUSION: In immediate post-tremor period, the mental health of relief crew is predominantly fine, with obsessive-compulsive symptoms and somatization symptoms as outstanding mental disorders. Working zone, working period and education are main factors which affect their mental health.