某汽车厂铸造工人冠心病危险因素队列研究

目的通过对2174名汽车铸造工人(铸工)平均随访19.23人年的回顾性队列研究,探索铸造工人冠心病的发病情况并寻找职业因素对其影响,为控制铸工冠心病危险因素提供科学依据。方法选择某汽车铸造厂1980~2004年在册在岗、工龄≥1 a的铸造工人为研究对象。以铸工个人的生活嗜好、人口统计学资料、工种和职业危险因素暴露情况等为研究内容。分析铸造工人冠心病发病的危险因素,特别是职业因素。结果随访期间共发生冠心病152例,初发病率为363.63/10万人年。在收缩压模型中,一氧化碳(CO)的RR(95%CI)为1.65(1.29~2.09,P<0.01),粉尘的RR(95%CI)为1.20(1.03~1.39,P<0.05),在舒张压模型中,CO的RR(95%CI)为1.63(1.28~2.06,P<0.01),粉尘的RR(95%CI)为1.19(1.03~1.395,P<0.05)。结论年龄增加、血压升高、高血脂、吸烟、超重(肥胖)、糖尿病、冠心病家族史是冠心病的非职业危险因素;粉尘、CO等是铸工冠心病的职业危险因素。

Cohort Study on Risk Factors of Coronary Heart Disease in Founders

Objective Through a retrospective cohort study on 2174 founders in an automobile factory with an average follow-up study of 19.23 years/person to explore the incidence of coronary heart disease in founders and its occupational impact factors and to provide criteria for controlling its risk factors.Methods Founders enrolled in 1980~2004 with working age over one year in an automobile factory were taken as the subjects.The essential points of study included founders' personal hobby,population statistical data,type of work and occupational risk exposures.The risk factors in the incidence of coronary heart disease especially the occupational factors were analyzed.Results There occurred 152 cases of coronary heart disease with a rough incidence of 363.63/10-5 person/year during the follow-up period.In the model of systolic blood pressure,the relative risk(95%CI)of CO was 1.65(1.29~2.09,P<0.01),the relative risk(95%CI)of dust was 1.20(1.03~1.39,P<0.05).In the model of diastolic blood pressure,the relative risk(95%CI)of CO was 1.63(1.28~2.06,P<0.01),the relative risk(95%CI)of dust was 1.19(1.03~1.39,P<0.05)Conclusions The non-occupational risk factors include the age getting old,hypertension,high cholesterol,smoking,overweight and fat,diabetes,and family's medical history.Dust and carbon monoxide etc are occupational risk factors.