生物碱类化合物抗病毒活性及其机制研究进展

生物碱是普遍存在于植物体内的含氮次生代谢产物，具有广泛的生物活性。研究表明，生物碱类化合物对多种病毒表现出良好的抑制作用和广谱的抗病毒活性，成为近年来抗病毒小分子化合物研究的新焦点。研究证实，生物碱对甲型流感病毒、乙型肝炎病毒、丙型肝炎病毒、单纯疱疹病毒、艾滋病毒、寨卡病毒、柯萨奇病毒和烟草花叶病毒等表现出显著的抑制作用，其抗病毒机制主要包括抑制病毒吸附和进入、减少病毒RNA和蛋白质合成、促进细胞凋亡和自噬、调节各种病毒相关蛋白以及通路等。根据生物碱的抗病毒种类进行分类，以氧化苦参碱、麻黄碱、石斛碱等为例，综述了常见生物碱抗病毒作用特点和机制，为生物碱类抗病毒小分子化合物的研究提供参考。

Research progress on antiviral activities and mechanism of alkaloids

Alkaloids, as nitrogenous secondary metabolites, are ubiquitous in plants with a wide range of biological activities. Studies have shown that alkaloids have become a new hotspot of antiviral small molecule compounds in recent years due to its excellent inhibitory effect on a variety of viruses and broad-spectrum antiviral activities. Studies have confirmed that alkaloids have a significant inhibitory effect on influenza A virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, herpes simplex virus, HIV, Zika virus, Coxsackie virus and tobacco mosaic virus. Their antiviral mechanisms mainly include inhibition of virus adsorption and entry, reduction of viral RNA and protein synthesis, promotion of cell apoptosis and autophagy, regulation of various virus-related proteins and pathways, and so on. According to alkaloids'' antiviral types to classify, taking oxymatrine, ephedrine, dendrobine, etc. as examples, the characteristics and mechanisms of common alkaloids'' antiviral effects were systematically summarized, in order to provide an overview and a discussion of alkaloids as possible antivirus agents.