Cytotoxicity of propyl gallate and related compounds in rat hepatocytes |
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Authors: | Y Nakagawa S Tayama |
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Institution: | (1) Tokyo Metropolitan Research Laboratory of Public Health, 3-24-1, Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169, Japan, JP |
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Abstract: | The cytotoxic effects of propyl gallate (PG), its related gallates and gallic acid have been studied in freshly isolated
rat hepatocytes. Addition of PG (0.5–2.0 mM) to hepatocyte suspension elicited concentration-dependent cell death accompanied
by losses of intracellular ATP, adenine nucleotide pools, glutathione (GSH) and protein thiols. The rapid loss of intracellular
ATP preceded the onset of cell death caused by PG. In the comparative toxic effects of PG and related gallates at concentration
of 1 mM, octyl gallate (OG), dodecyl gallate (DG) and butyl gallate (BG) elicited an abrupt depletion of ATP, followed by
an acute cell death. These gallates were more toxic than PG; the toxic effects of PG were similar to those of methyl gallate
(MG) and ethyl gallate (EG). In mitochondria isolated from rat liver, PG caused a concentration-dependent increase in the
rate of state 4 oxygen consumption, indicating an uncoupling effect. The rate of state 3 oxygen consumption was inhibited
by OG and DG. According to the respiratory control index, the order of impairment potency to mitochondria was OG>BG, DG>PG>EG,
MG>gallic acid. These results indicate that PG and related gallates are toxic to hepatocytes and that the acute cytotoxicity
may be due to mitochondrial dysfunction.
Received: 16 May 1994 / Accepted: 15 August 1994 |
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Keywords: | Propyl gallate Rat Hepatocytes Cytotoxicity Gallate esters Antioxidant Mitochondria |
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