Anatomic segmental resection of the lung by thoracoscopy: An experimental study

In patients who are unable to undergo a lobectomy for a small peripheral lung cancer, a partial thoracoscopic resection appears to be one viable alternative. However, since the regional lymphatics are disrupted in an anatomical fashion with a segmentectomy, it appears superior to a wedge resection. This experimental study was conducted to determine whether or not an anatomical segmental resection is feasible by thoracoscopy. A segmental resection of porcine lungs was performed using thoracoscopy. The segmental vessels were divided between ligatures. The segmental bronchus was divided by an endoscopic stapler. The intersegmental lung parenchyma was divided using a cotton dissector and a contact neodymium-yttrium aluminum garnet laser. Forty-three pigs were divided into seven groups as follows. Group 1: S¹⁺²; group 2: S³; group 3: upper division; group 4: lower division; group 5: S⁶; group 6: S⁸; and group 7: S⁹⁺¹⁰. The operating times ranged from 145±15 min to 191±47 min. Blood loss ranged from 36±35 ml to 151±48 ml in all groups. The blood loss in the group with a resection of S⁶ and S⁹⁺¹⁰ was significantly greater than that of the other five groups. Most of the blood loss occurred during the division between the intersegmental planes. In conclusion, a thoracoscopic segmentectomy is considered to be technically feasible; however, further fefinements in this technique are warranted before beginning clinical trials.