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血管壁和血管内皮细胞超微结构在急性机械性脑血管痉挛早期的变化
引用本文:陆菁菁,张邵东,翟晶,万虹. 血管壁和血管内皮细胞超微结构在急性机械性脑血管痉挛早期的变化[J]. 中国组织工程研究与临床康复, 2007, 11(23): 4646-4649
作者姓名:陆菁菁  张邵东  翟晶  万虹
作者单位:1. 首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经内科,北京市,100050
2. 北京市神经外科研究所,北京市,100050
摘    要:
背景:某些颅脑手术中难免会对脑血管进行牵拉、夹闭等机械性刺激,导致急性机械性脑血管痉挛的发生,目前这种急性机械性脑血管痉挛的病理生理及病理预后尚不清楚。目的:观察猫大脑中动脉血管直径、脑血流量、血管壁和血管内皮细胞超微结构在机械性刺激痉挛后早期(2h)的变化。设计:开放性实验。单位:首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经内科和北京市神经外科研究所。材料:选用健康成年的杂种猫6只,雌雄不拘,体质量2.5~3.5kg,由中国医学科学实验动物研究所提供。Periflux5010型激光多普勒血流仪(瑞典Perimed公司)。方法:实验于2005-08/2006-03在北京市神经外科研究所完成。200g/L水合氯醛腹腔注射(2mL/kg)麻醉后,取俯卧位。正中切开头皮,于前囟后1.5cm,旁开1.5cm开方形骨窗,8×10mm,挑破硬脑膜,选择无血管或少血管的脑表面固定激光多普勒血流计的微细探头。再使动物侧卧位,利用手术显微镜,通过眶下入路,暴露右侧大脑中动脉。选择大脑中动脉跨越嗅束前部位,利用钝性器械重复刺激大脑中动脉,频率为100次/min,持续30min。分别于刺激前,刺激结束后0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0h测量刺激前后大脑中动脉直径的变化,监测皮层脑组织灌流指数的变化,观察刺激后2h大脑中动脉血管壁和内皮细胞超微结构的变化。主要观察指标:刺激前,刺激结束后0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0h大脑中动脉直径和皮层脑组织灌流指数的变化以及刺激2h后大脑中动脉血管壁和内皮细胞超微结构的变化。结果:纳入6只实验动物全部进入结果分析。①大脑中动脉直径的变化:刺激结束后0,0.5,1.0h大脑中动脉直径分别为(0.617±0.129),(0.723±0.082),(0.840±0.084)mm,与刺激前比较,明显变窄[(0.897±0.066)mm,t=4.74,4.017,1.299,P<0.01]。②脑组织灌流指数的变化:刺激结束后0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0h灌流指数分别为67.8±18.5,82.5±17.5,89.8±24.0,94.0±22.2,98.5±21.0,明显低于刺激前(159.2±23.5,t=4.716~7.469,P<0.01)。③大脑中动脉超微结构的变化:大脑中动脉经急性机械性刺激后早期(2h)内皮细胞染色质边集,凝聚成新月形小体,线粒体嵴模糊不清。结论:机械性刺激猫大脑中动脉可导致脑血管痉挛。刺激后早期(2h)即出现内皮细胞超微结构的变化,显示内皮细胞的凋亡现象。提示颅脑手术中对脑血管的机械性刺激应尽可能的轻微,尽量减少对脑血管的机械性刺激,避免急性脑血管痉挛的发生。

关 键 词:血管痉挛,颅内  内皮细胞/超微结构  动物实验
文章编号:1673-8225(2007)23-04646-04
修稿时间:2006-07-242007-02-26

Ultrastructural changes in vascular wall and vascular endothelial cells during early stage of acute mechanical cerebral vasospasm
Lu Jing-jing,Zhang Shao-dong,Zhai Jing,Wang Hong. Ultrastructural changes in vascular wall and vascular endothelial cells during early stage of acute mechanical cerebral vasospasm[J]. Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research, 2007, 11(23): 4646-4649
Authors:Lu Jing-jing  Zhang Shao-dong  Zhai Jing  Wang Hong
Affiliation:1.Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital,Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China;2Beijing Institute of Neurosurgery, Beijing 100050, China Lu Jing-jing, Master,Attending physician,Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital,Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Cerebrovascular drag, occlusion and other mechanical stimulations inevitably occur during some craniocerebral operations, which cause acute mechanical cerebrovascular vasospasm. At present, the mechanism underlying the patho-physiology as well as the pathological prognosis of this acute mechanical vasospasm remains unclear.OBJECTIVE: To observe changes in the vascular diameter of the middle cerebral artery, cerebral blood flow (CBF), and ultrastructure of vascular wall and vascular endothelial cells, during the early stage (2 hours) of mechanical cerebral vasospasm in cats.DESIGN: Open experiment.SETTING: Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Institute of Neurosurgery.MATERIALS: Six healthy adult hybrid cats, of either gender, weighing from 2.5 to 3.5 kg, were provided by the China Medical Science Institute of Experimental Animals. Laser Doppler flowmetry (Periflux 5010, Sweden Perimed Company)was used.METHODS: This study was carried out in the Beijing Institute of Neurosurgery between August 2005 and March 2006. For all experimental surgical procedures, the cats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of 200 g/L chloral hydrate, at 2 mL/kg, and then placed in a prone position. A median incision was made in the scalp and a square bone window, 8×10 mm, was opened at 1.5 cm posterior and 1.5 lateral to the anterior fontanel, after which the dura mater was pricked out. The fine detecting head of the Laser Doppler flowmetry was fixed to a region of the cerebral surfacewith no vessels or with only a few vessels. Subsequently, the cats were placed in lateral position. Under the surgical microscope, the right middle cerebral artery was exposed through a suborbital approach. Blunt apparatus was used to stimulate middle the middle cerebral artery repeatedly, at a frequency of 100 time/min within 30 minutes.The diameter of the middle cerebral artery was measured and a perfusion index of cortical brain tissue was monitored, separately, before and then at 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 hours after stimulation. Ultrastructural changes in the vascular wall and the vascular endothelial cells were observed during the early stage (2 hours) of mechanical cerebral vasospasm in cats.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Diameter of the middle cerebral artery and the perfusion index of cortical brain tissue before and then at 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 hours after stimulation, as well as any ultrastructural changes in the vascular wall and endothelial cells 2 hours after stimulation.RESULTS: The results from six cats were were analyzed. ①The diameter of the middle cerebral artery was (0.617±0.129), (0.723±0.082), (0.840±0.084) mm 0, 0.5 and 1.0 hours after stimulation, respectively, which was significantly smaller than that before stimulation [(0.897±0.066) mm,t =4.74, 4.017, 1.299,P < 0.01]. ② The perfusion index of cortical brain tissue was 67.8±18.5, 82.5±17.5, 89.8±24.0, 94.0±22.2 and 98.5±21.0 at 0, 0.5, 1.0,1.5 and 2.0 hours after stimulation, which was significantly lower than that before stimulation (159.2±23.5, t =4.716-7.469, P < 0.01 ). ③ At the early stage of acute mechanical stimulation (2 hours) to middle cerebral artery, endothelial cell chromatin aggregated at the edge of the cells and achromocyte formed, but mitochondrial crista was unclear.CONCLUSION: Mechanical stimulation to the middle cerebral artery in cats can lead to cerebral vasospasm. Apoptosis of endothelial cells appears at the early stage of stimulation (2 hours). These results indicate that, in order to prevent against cerebral vasospasm, cerebrovascular mechanical stimulation should be as minimal as possible and that as few as possible craniocerebral operations should be performed.
Keywords:
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