知识、态度、社会规范对青少年新型毒品使用的影响研究

目的研究知识、态度和社会规范与青少年新型毒品使用之间的关系并构建影响模式。方法采用分层随机整群抽样的方法进行抽样。来自武汉市初中、高中、职业高中和大学的共3018名学生参加了问卷调查，调查是无记名和自愿的。采用确证性因子分析构建测量模型，采用结构方法模型进行评价、修正以确定最佳模型。结果武汉市青少年新型毒品的滥用率为3．28％，其中男女生分别为4．81％和1．94％，普通初中、高中、职业高中和大学生的毒品滥用率分别为1．80％、2．91％、7．83％和3．25％。模型拟和效果较好。模型结果显示：知识、态度、社会规范影响青少年使用新型毒品，其中态度、社会规范直接影响青少年吸毒或吸毒倾向，而知识通过态度、社会规范的中介作用发挥效应。结论对新型毒品的了解不足、对待毒品的态度不正确以及吸毒社会规范不强增加青少年使用新型毒品的风险。

The impact of social norm and susceptibility on drug use among adolescents

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of knowledge, attitude and perceived social norm on the use of New Type of Drugs (NTD) and to construct the mediated model among these factors. METHODS: With stratified random group sampling, 3018 students from 3 middle schools, 3 high schools, 3 vocational high schools and a municipal-own university in Wuhan city completed questionnaires under anonymous and voluntary practice. A conceptual model was developed based on Reasoned Behavior Theory. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the proposed model. RESULTS: The overall prevalent rate of NTD was 3.28%, with 4.81% for males, 1.94% for females,1.80% for middle school students, 2.91% for general high school students, 7.83% for vocational school students and 3.25% for college students. SEM seemed to have been fixed nicely into the model. Adolescent NTD was significantly predicted by knowledge, attitude, perceived social norm which were all directly affecting or medicated by the susceptibility of drugs. CONCLUSION: Knowledge, attitude, perceived social norm might increase the risks for NTD use among adolescents, suggesting that preventive education on drug use among adolescents should be paid to improve the knowledge on drugs.