陕西省汉中地区农村居民膳食结构状况与高血压患病关系的研究

目的 探讨陕西省汉中地区农村居民膳食结构特点及其与高血压的关系.方法 2010年采用半定量食物频率问卷对汉中地区18～80岁农村常住居民膳食进行横断面调查并测量血压,利用SPSS 13.0软件的因子分析模块建立膳食模式,并运用多元logistic回归模型分析不同膳食模式与高血压间的关系.结果 共调查2929人,调查对象平均年龄50.0岁,平均受教育年限为6.8年.高血压患病率为34.3％,男性为35.4％,女性为33.7％.共调查29类食物,其中11类食物的中位摄入频率为≥1次/周.提取4个主要因子做因子分析,以反映4种膳食结构类型,将研究对象按每个因子得分的四分位数分为4组(Q1～Q4),以Q1为参照采用logistic回归模型分析显示,控制年龄、性别、体重指数、经济收入和受教育程度后,倾向于均衡模式即能显著降低高血压患病的危险性(OR=0.59,95％CI:0.44～ 0.77).结论膳食模式与高血压的患病密切相关,合理膳食应是防治高血压的重要措施之一.

Dietary patterns and its relationship with hypertension among rural residents in Hanzhong, Shaanxi province

Objective To investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and hypertension in Hanzhong city of Shaanxi province.Methods A cross-sectional survey on dietarypattern and hypertension together with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was conducted among rural residents aged from 18 to 80 in Hanzhong of Shaanxi province in 2010.Factor analysis by SPSS was used to identify food patterns based on the frequency of food.Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between dietary patterns and hypertension.Results 2929 rural residents were investigated with an average age as 50.0 years old and average schooling-years as 6.8.The prevalence rate of hypertension was 34.3％,with 35.4％ in males and 33.7％ in females.Among 29 kinds of food under investigation,only 11 kinds with the frequencies of consumption more than 1 time per week.Four main factors were derived as four dietary patterns by factor analysis and they were diversity dietary pattern,alcohol dietary pattern,beverage dietary pattern and simple dietary pattern.Among them,the balanced dietary pattern was significantly associated with hypertension.All the participants were categorized into 4 groups (Q1-Q4) according to their factor scores,quartile with Q1 as a reference.The residents who were more closer to having balance dietary pattern,were under less risk of suffering from hypertension after controlling for age,sex,BMI,education and income.Compared to Q1,the Q4 had lower risk of hypertension (OR=0.59,95％CI:0.44-0.77) for the balanced pattern.Conclusion Dietary pattern could be related to the prevalence of hypertension.A rational diet with diversity of foods should be suggested as one of the major measures for the prevention of hypertension.