慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺间质纤维化的临床分析

目的 探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并肺间质纤维化(PF)的临床特点以及两者之间的关系.方法 对比分析我院2001年7月至2010年10月确诊的PF-COPD患者27例(PF-COPD)组及COPD患者30例(COPD组)的症状、体征、肺功能、动脉血气分析及胸部X线片和CT及高分辨CT(HRCT)结果.结果 PF-COPD组患者临床表现介于此两种疾病之间.肺功能检查示:PF-COPD组以混合性通气功能障碍为主(18与0；x2=17.10,P＜0.01),而COPD组30例均为阻塞性通气功能障碍(30与9;x2 =15.72,P＜0.01).血气分析示:PF-COPD组低氧血症较为明显,COPD组PaCO2升高较多见,但两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).胸部X线显示,COPD组30例胸廓前后径均增大,PF-COPD组则为14例(P＜0.05),而PF-COPD组点状、网状或蜂窝状改变24例,COPD组则无此改变(P＜0.01)；胸部CT及HRCT示:PF-COPD组肺部磨玻璃状改变、网格结节影均较COPD组高(9与0、19与0;x2=10.85、17.36,P均＜0.01).结论 PF-COPD具有独特的临床特点,兼有二者的特征.胸部HRCT能为临床提供重要诊断依据.

Clinical analysis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients with pulmonary interstitial fibrosis

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)in the patients with pulmonary interstitial fibrosis.Methods Twenty-seven COPD patients with pulmonary fibrosis and thirty patients with COPD who were diagnosed from July 2001 to October 2010 were analyzed for their clinical symptoms,physical signs,pulmonary function,arterial blood-gas,radiographic features,CT and high resolution computed tomography(HRCT)of the chest.Results The clinical features of COPD with pulmonary fibrosis shared that of the two diseases.Eighteen cases of COPD with pulmonary fibrosis had mixed ventilatory dysfunction(P ＜ 0.01).COPD were all obstructive ventilatory dysfunction(P ＜ 0.01).For arterial blood-gas test,PF-COPD showed progressing hypoxemia and little PaCO2 retention,but no significant difference was observed.Chest X-ray showed that 30 cases in the COPD group had an increased anteroposterior diameter of the thorax,while it was 14 cases in the PF-COPD group(P ＜0.05).Twenty four cases in the PF-COPD group showed nodular,meshy or honeycomb-like lesions,but none in COPD group(P ＜ 0.01).Chest CT and HRCT showed that there were higher chances of frosted glass-like and grid-like nodular lesions in the lungs of PF-COPD group than in COPD group(9 vs.0,19 vs.0 ;x2 =10.85,17.36,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary fibrosis sharing the clinical features of both diseases.Chest HRCT can provide important information for clinical diagnosis.