海洛因成瘾者社区美沙酮维持治疗效果评价

目的了解江苏省常州市海洛因成瘾者社区美沙酮维持治疗效果。方法对常州市美沙酮门诊维持治疗>1年的371名海洛因成瘾者进行问卷调查和人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)检测。结果海洛因成瘾人群以中青年已婚男性为主;首次吸毒平均年龄为26.7岁,吸毒年限中位数为8.2年;通过美沙酮维持治疗,承认过去1个月注射吸毒的比例由基线的73.0%下降到16.7%;性伴>2人者由治疗前的6.0%下降至治疗后的0.5%;最近1次性行为时安全套的使用率由治疗前的14.3%提高到28.1%;过去1个月内与吸毒的朋友交往次数每天≥1次的比例由治疗前19.7%下降到7.3%;违法犯罪率、自我感觉目前与家人的关系、就业等无明显改善。结论美沙酮维持治疗能够改变治疗者吸毒行为,减少与前毒友的交往,提高安全性行为等。

Effective evaluation of community-based methadone maintenance treatment for heroin addicts

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of methadone maintenance treatment(MMT)for heroin addicts in Changzhou city,Jiangsu province.MethodsTotally 371 heroin addicts who had stayed in Changzhou methadone maintenance treatment clinic for more than one year were surveyed with a questionnaire and detected for HIV and HCV.ResultsThe most of the subjects were middle-aged married male.The mean age at first drug use was 26.7 years old.The average length of drug abuse was 8.2 years.After MMT,the proportion of injecting drug use in the previous one month dropped from 73.0% to 16.7%.The proportion of heroin addicts with more than two sexual partners dropped from 6.0% to 0.5%.The proportion of condom use in the last sex raised from 14.3% to 28.1%.The proportion of contact with drug use friends more than one time per day in the previous one month dropped from 19.7% to 7.3%.However,there was no significant improvement in the proportion of crime commitment,the relationship with family members,and the status of employment.ConclusionMethadone maintenance treatment can change injecting drug behavior and reduce times of contact with the former drug abuse friends,and improve safe sex.Patients should be given more individual couseling and social help to increase the effects of MMT.