供应室护士工作中存在的职业危害调查及分析

目的 调查分析供应室护士工作中存在的职业危害因素,以制定相应的干预措施.方法 对市4所三甲医院的128名供应室护士采用面对面形式进行统一问卷调查,调查前对调查员进行培训,统一调查方法和标准.结果 被调查的护士中,社会心理性因素影响范围最广,80.5％表示工作压力大;生物性因素是医院感染发生的主要原因,吸入冲洗形成水雾、消毒的前锐器刺伤和被病人体液血液溅射分别有16.4％、33.6％和40.6％;物理性因素损害健康及影响日常工作,锐器刺伤、高温烫伤分别为52.3％和28.9％,噪音引起听力下降和明显损伤分别为21.1％和3.1％;由化学性因素引起的皮肤过敏、眼不适及呼吸系统损伤分别有14.1％、8.6％和6.3％;强迫性体位工作导致劳动功能性职业危害,患有腰椎疾病、轻度及严重颈椎病分别为13.3％、29.7％和11.7％.结论 供应室存在着物理性、化学性、生物性、劳动功能性、社会心理性多种方面的职业危害因素,应加强组织培训,规范工作流程,改善供应室工作环境,积极有效减少或避免职业危害的发生,促进供应室护士身心健康.

Investigate of occupational hazards of nurses work in the supply room

Objective To investigate the occupational hazards of nurses work in the supply room, for developing appropriate interventions. Methods Face to face questionnaire survey was performed to investigate the occupational hazards of 128 nurses work in supply room in 4 third - grade class - A hospital in our city. Before the questionnaire survey, the investigators were trained, the methods and standards of survey were uniformed. Results Among the surveyed nurses, the social and psychological factors affecting the widest range, and 80.5% of the nurses felt work under pressure. Inhalation of mist formed flushing, injured by non - disinfection needle and blood sputtering from patient were the main biological factors induced hospital - acquired infections, they accounted for 16.4%, 33.6% and 40.6% separately. Physical factors affected the nurses＇health and daily work, needles tick injuries and heat burns accounted nearly for 52.3% and 28.9%. The proportion of hearing loss and significant damage induce by noise were 21.1% and 3.1% respectively. The proportion of skin allergies, eye irritation and respiratory system damage caused by the chemical factors were 14. 1%, 8. 6% and 6. 3% respectively. The proportion of lumbar disease, mild and severe cervical vertebra disease caused by forced position were 13. 3%, 29. 7% and 11. 7% respectively. Conclusions Supply room contains a variety of occupational hazards including physical, chemical, biological, labor functionality and social psychological. To reduce or prevent occupational hazards and promote physical and mental health for nurses work in supply room, the hospital should strengthen training, standardize the work processes and improve the environment of supply room.