城市生活饮用水综合指数评价方法建立及其应用

[目的]从健康影响的角度出发，建立一套适用于城市生活饮用水水质评价的综合指数方法，并以此法评价上海市2007年的生活饮用水总体质量。[方法]将评价指标分为具有不同卫生学意义的5大类，在灵活选用内梅罗法、最差因子判别法计算各分类综合指数后，根据德尔菲专家咨询法对5类指标进行健康赋权，运用加权平均法计算水质综合指数，并对2007年上海市集中式生活饮用水进行初步的水质评价与分析。[结果]建立了适用于城市生活饮用水的综合指数评价体系。上海市2007年城市生活饮用水符合国家生活饮用水卫生标准，市区与郊区生活饮用水水质无明显差别；在2007年的4个季度中，第1季度的水质略逊于其他3个季度；经市级水厂处理过的水质最佳；长江水是上海市相对理想的供水水源。[结论]本研究所建立的城市生活饮用水综合指数评价法具有一定的借鉴意义和推广价值。上海市2007年的市区、郊区及各季度、各级水厂、各水源来源的出厂水、管网末梢水和二次供水的总体水质良好，符合国家卫生标准。

An Integrated Index Approach Established and its Application to Evaluate Drinking Water Quality in Shanghai

[ Objective ] In order to establish an integrated index which is suitable for evaluation of drinking water quality from the perspective of health impact assessment, and to examine the overall quality of drinking water in Shanghai in 2007. [ Methods ] The candidate indices were classified into five categories according to their health impacts, and each integrated index values were calculated by using Nemerow index and minimum operator, meanwhile the health-based weighting coefficients were determined by the Delphi expert consultant method, and lastly then integrated index of overall quality of drinking water in Shanghai in 2007 was evaluated and analyzed. [ Results ] An integrated index assessment system for drinking water was established. There was no significant difference in drinking water quality between urban and suburban areas in Shanghai in 2007. Although the drinking water quality in 2007 all meet the national standard for drinking water quality, compared with other quarters, the first quarter had the worse drinking water quality which showed significant statistic difference. Tap water supplied by municipal water plants was the best one among the whole different supply waters. And also the Yangtze River was the best water resource for drinking water in Shanghai. [ Conclusion ] The integrated index set in this study can be used to evaluate the drinking water quality in Shanghai and is worth promoting and expanding. Generally, the drinking water in Shanghai is good and meets the related national standards.