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Burden of blood transmitted infections in substance users admitted for inpatient treatment in Singapore and the associated factors
Authors:Rochelle Melina Kinson  Song Guo  Yi Min Wan  Victoria Manning  Hui Chin Teoh  Kim Eng Wong
Affiliation:1.Department of Psychological Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore;2.National Addictions Management Service, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore;3.Department of Medicine (Psychiatry), Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore;4.Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
Abstract:

INTRODUCTION

There is a paucity of local data on the prevalence of blood transmitted infections (BTIs), such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections, among illicit drug users. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of BTIs among substance-dependent inpatients and identify the factors associated with BTIs.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective case note analysis of 170 inpatients who had a history of substance dependence and were seen at the National Addictions Management Service, Singapore, between 1 June 2009 and 31 May 2010.

RESULTS

The majority of the 170 inpatients were male (88.2%) and Chinese (58.2%). The mean age of the patients was 43.1 years, and the main drug of abuse was opioids (86.5%). BTIs were found in 70 (41.2%) inpatients; the prevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV infections was 3.7%, 39.6% and 0%, respectively. Lifetime intravenous drug use, but not needle-sharing, was more common among inpatients who were positive for BTIs (p < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that lifetime intravenous drug use (OR 4.3, 95% CI 1.7–10.8, p < 0.01) was the only significant predictor of BTI.

CONCLUSION

41.2% of the substance users seeking help were positive for at least one BTI. Lifetime intravenous drug users were found to be more than four times more likely to have a BTI. Early detection and prevention is essential to improve prognosis.
Keywords:hepatitis B virus   hepatitis C virus   human immunodeficiency virus   intravenous drug use   substance use disorder
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