Ocular findings in incontinentia pigmenti

Incontinentia pigmenti is an uncommon disorder affecting females, and is associated with ocular, dental, skeletal, and central nervous system abnormalities. Ocular abnormalities are found in 35% of cases. The authors present an eight-month-old girl with neonatal history of skin bullae, who was noted to have esotropia, leukocoria, and a fixed pupil. Histologic examination of the enucleated globe reveals total retinal detachment with retinal neovascularization into the collapsed vitreous, reactive retinal gliosis, and scattered giant nodular proliferations of retinal pigment epithelium. It is suggested that the underlying defect is at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium and that the neurosensory retinal changes are secondary.