Faecal carriage of extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae among humans in Java,Indonesia, in 2001–2002 |
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Authors: | Juliëtte A. Severin Endang Sri Lestari Wendy Kloezen Nicole Lemmens‐den Toom Ni Made Mertaniasih Kuntaman Kuntaman Marijam Purwanta D. Offra Duerink Usman Hadi Alex van Belkum Henri A. Verbrugh Wil H. Goessens |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;2. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Dr. Kariadi Academic Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia;3. Department of Clinical Microbiology, Dr. Soetomo Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia;4. Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands;5. Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia |
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Abstract: | Objective To characterise commensal Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae with reduced susceptibility to cefotaxime that were collected in a large survey carried out among 3995 patients and healthy persons in two urban regions on Java, Indonesia, in 2001–2002. Methods The putative extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase (ESBL)‐producing Enterobacteriaceae were analysed using double‐disk synergy tests, isoelectric focusing, PCR assays, DNA sequencing, and pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results On the day of discharge after five or more days of hospitalisation, at least 95 of 999 (9.5%) patients carried ESBL‐positive Enterobacteriaceae as dominant faecal flora. Six patients were simultaneously colonised with E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates with ESBL activity. On admission, only 6 of 998 (0.6%) patients were colonised. Faecal carriage of ESBL‐producing Enterobacteriaceae among healthy persons or persons visiting a public health centre was not detected. The 107 ESBL‐positive strains included 68 E. coli, 35 K. pneumoniae, and four other Enterobacteriaceae. blaCTX‐M‐15 was the most prevalent ESBL in both E. coli (47.1%) and K. pneumoniae (45.7%), but the E. coli O25b‐ST131 clone was virtually absent. Other ESBL types found were: SHV‐2, ‐2a, ‐5, ‐12, CTX‐M‐3, ‐9, ‐14, and TEM‐19. PFGE revealed extensive genetic diversity among the isolates. Conclusions In 2001–2002, faecal carriage of ESBL‐producing Enterobacteriaceae as dominant flora in Indonesia was almost exclusively hospital‐associated. The presence of various blaESBL genes and the extensive genetic diversity among isolates argue against a single/dominant strain outbreak. |
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Keywords: | Asia antibiotic resistance colonisation ESBL CTX‐M‐15 Asie ré sistance aux antibiotiques colonisation BLSE CTX‐M‐15 Asia resistencia a antibió ticos colonizació n BLEE CTX‐M‐15 |
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