乳腺癌转移形成的分子机制及器官特异性

尽管人们在恶性肿瘤的治疗方面已经取得了重大进展,但仍有相当一部分患者会发生转移。转移是一个复杂的,多步骤的生物过程,涉及大量的基因和生物分子。但人们对其机制的认识是零散的,我们需要扩大研究以改善转移的预防及治疗,从而改善癌症患者的生存。为了提高癌症患者的长期生存率,必须重点针对转移性疾病的预防和治疗以及转移级联的具体步骤,通过在目前的治疗中增加新的方式来根除已确定的转移灶,如免疫疗法或靶向疗法。或是通过靶向转移级联和器官特异性的特定步骤来防止肿瘤细胞向二级器官的播散,同时干扰散播癌细胞适应新微环境的能力来阻断其在次生器官的定植和随后的生长。总之,转移过程中组织特异性信号的识别将为新的治疗策略开辟道路。在这里,我们将回顾最近在该领域的进展,特别强调乳腺癌转移形成的分子机制及器官特异性进展。

The molecular mechanism and organ-specificity of breast cancer metastasis

Although significant progress has been made in the treatment of local malignancies,there are still a considerable number of patients with metastasis.Metastasis is a complex,multistep biological process,involving a multitude of genes andbiomolecules.However,the understanding of the mechanism is still scattered,and we need to expand the study to improve the prevention and treatment of metastasis,thereby improving the survival of cancer patients.In order to improve long-term survival of cancer patients,it is essential to focus on prevention and treatment of metastatic disease and the specific steps of the transfer cascade,new approaches to eradicate metastatic foci,such as immunotherapy or targeted therapy,have been added to the current treatment.Or to prevent the spread of tumor cells to the two class organs and to interfere with the ability of the cancer cells to adapt to the new microenvironment,by blocking the secondary colonization and subsequent growth of the tumor cells through targeted transfer cascade and specific steps of organ specificity.In conclusion,the identification of tissue-specific signals during metastasis will pave the way for new therapeutic strategies.Here,we will review recent advances in this field,with special emphasis on the molecular mechanism and organ-specificity of breast cancer metastasis.